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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibility Decision (RED) - Folpet. United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., pp. EPA 738-R-799-011.EPA, 2004. Amendment to the 1999 captan Registration Eligibility Decision (RED).Captan: cancer reclassification. United States Environmental Protection Agency,Washington, D.C., pp. 69 Fed. Reg. 68357-68360.Feldmann, R.J., Maibach, H.I., 1974. Percutaneous penetration of some pesticidesand herbicides in man. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 28, 126-132.Fenske, R.A., 1988. Correlation of fluorescent tracer measurements of dermalexposure and urinary metabolite excretion during occupational exposure tomalathion. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 49, 438-444.Fenske, R.A., Elkner, K.P., 1990. Multi-route exposure assessment and biologicalmonitoring of urban pesticide applicators during structural control treatments withchlorpyrifos. Toxicology & Industrial Health 6, 349-371.Fenske, R.A., Kedan, G., Lu, C., Fisker-Andersen, J.A., Curl, C.L., 2002.Assessment of organophosphorous pesticide exposures in the diets of preschoolchildren in Washington State. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 12, 21-28.Fenske, R.A., Kissel, J.C., Lu, C., Kalman, D.A., Simcox, N.J., Allen, E.H., Keifer,M.C., 2000. Biologically based pesticide dose estimates for children in anagricultural community. Environ Health Perspect 108, 515-520.Fisher, H.L., Hall, L.L., Sumler, M.R., Shah, P.V., 1992. Dermal penetration of[14C]captan in young and adult rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 36, 251-271.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2007. Pesticideresidues in food 2007 - Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues. FAO,Rome, Italy.Fortin, M.C., Carrier, G., Bouchard, M., 2008. Concentrations versus amounts ofbiomarkers in urine: a comparison of approaches to assess pyrethroid exposure.Environ Health 7, 55.Gerlowski, L.E., Jain, R.K., 1983. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling:principles and applications. J Pharm Sci 72, 1103-1127.Göen, T., Schaller, K.-H., Drexler, H., 2011. Biological reference values forchemical compounds in the work area (BARs): an approach for evaluatingbiomonitoring data. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 1-8.Gordon, E., 2007. Captan: transition from 'B2' to 'not likely'. How pesticideregistrants affected the EPA Cancer Classification Update. J Appl.Toxicol 27, 519-526.Gordon, E.B., 2010. Captan and folpet. In: Krieger, R.I. (Ed.), Handbook ofpesticide toxicology. Elsevier, New York, pp. 1915-1949.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides136
Gordon, E.B., Ehrlich, T., Mobley, S., Williams, M., 2001. Measurement of thereaction between the fungicides captan or folpet and blood thiols. Toxicol Methods11, 209-223.Gosselin, N.H., Bouchard, M., Brunet, R.C., Dumoulin, M.J., Carrier, G., 2004.Toxicokinetic modeling of parathion and its metabolites in humans for thedetermination of biological reference values. Toxicol Mech Methods 15, 33-52.Gosselin, N.H., Brunet, R.C., Carrier, G., Bouchard, M., Feeley, M., 2006.Reconstruction of methylmercury intakes in indigenous populations from biomarkerdata. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 16, 19-29.Gosselin, N.H., Brunet, R.C., Carrier, G., Dosso, A., 2005. Worker exposures totriclopyr: risk assessment through measurements in urine samples. Ann Occup Hyg49, 415-422.Griffin, P., Mason, H., Heywood, K., Cocker, J., 1999. Oral and dermal absorptionof chlorpyrifos: a human volunteer study. Occup Environ Med 56, 10-13.Guo, Y.L.L., Wang, B.J., Lee, C.C., Wang, J.D., 1996. Prevalence of dermatosesand skin sensitisation associated with use of pesticides in fruit farmers of southernTaiwan. Occup Environ Med 53, 427-431.Hartwell, W.V., Hayes, G.R., Jr., Funckes, A.J., 1964. Respiratory Exposure ofVolunteers to Parathion. Arch Environ Health 8, 820-825.Hayes, G.R., Jr., Funckes, A.J., Hartwell, W.V., 1964. Dermal Exposure of HumanVolunteers to Parathion. Arch Environ Health 8, 829-833.Hayes, W.J., 1982. Pesticides studied in man. In: Hayes, W.J. (Ed.), Pesticidesstudied in man. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 578-622.Hays, S.M., Becker, R.A., Leung, H.W., Aylward, L.L., Pyatt, D.W., 2007.Biomonitoring equivalents: A screening approach for interpreting biomonitoringresults from a public health risk perspective. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 47, 96-109.He, F., 1993. Biological monitoring of occupational pesticides exposure. Int ArchOccup Environ Health 65, S69-S76.He, F., 1999. Biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides: current issues.Toxicol Lett 108, 277-283.Heredia-Ortiz, R., Berthet, A., Bouchard, M., 2011. Toxicokinetic modeling offolpet fungicide and its ring-biomarkers of exposure in humans. J Appl Toxicol, Inprint.Heredia-Ortiz, R., Bouchard, M., 2011. Toxicokinetic modeling of captan fungicideand its tetrahydrophthalimide biomarker of exposure in humans. Toxicol Lett,doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.023.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides137
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
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inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
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Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
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Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
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Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
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Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
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developing countries is due to suic
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count and morphology, as well as se
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PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
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elationship between OP exposure and
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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
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Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
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Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
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considered as conditions typical of
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observed adverse health outcome. Su
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within cells can oxidize biomolecul
Page 86 and 87: of the study. A face-to-face questi
Page 88 and 89: PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
Page 90 and 91: Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
Page 92 and 93: In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
Page 94 and 95: DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
Page 96 and 97: changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
Page 98 and 99: Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
Page 100 and 101: Environmental health criteria 155.
Page 102 and 103: Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
Page 104 and 105: Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
Page 108 and 109: exposure scenarios on the basis of
Page 110 and 111: not present adverse health effects
Page 112 and 113: greenhouse workers exposed to malat
Page 114 and 115: Paraoxon is then either metabolized
Page 116 and 117: cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
Page 118 and 119: metabolite of phthalates, such that
Page 120 and 121: scenarios were simulated, assuming
Page 122 and 123: Table 2. Biological reference value
Page 124 and 125: References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
Page 126 and 127: Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
Page 128 and 129: Figure 4. Conceptual representation
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6 Conceptual representation
Page 132 and 133: REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
Page 134 and 135: Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
Page 138 and 139: Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
Page 140 and 141: McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
Page 142 and 143: Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
Page 144 and 145: important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
Page 146 and 147: secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
Page 148 and 149: FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
Page 150 and 151: Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
Page 152 and 153: Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
Page 154 and 155: Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
Page 156 and 157: vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
Page 158 and 159: Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
Page 160 and 161: formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
Page 162 and 163: Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
Page 164 and 165: Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
Page 166 and 167: negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
Page 168 and 169: Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
Page 172 and 173: (HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
Page 174 and 175: Table 1. Distribution of the applic
Page 176 and 177: Means followed by the same letter i
Page 178 and 179: (involving pests and natural enemie
Page 180 and 181: efore the pest emergence and their
Page 182 and 183: Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
Page 184 and 185: Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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the liver, mainly to p,p'-DDE and p
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33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
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Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
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Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
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Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
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Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
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Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
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Pesticides are used in order to pro
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EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
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As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
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Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
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Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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scandal’ are familiar to the gene
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ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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of application, with some still sca
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The main supercritical solvent used
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extracting the pesticides from the
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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