The Impact of Pesticides - Academy Publish

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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H., Ngoc, N.T., Hung, P.T., (2000), “Preliminarystudy on soil and sedimentation contamination by organochlorine pesticides andPCBs in some selected areas of Northern Vietnam”, In: Proceedings of Workshopon Management Use and Assessment of Environmental Pollution of Pesticides,Hanoi, Vietnam, 28-29 September, pp. 71–75.Wang, X., Piao, X., Chen, J., Hu, J., Xu, F., Tao, S., (2006), “Organochlorinepesticides in soil profiles from Tianjin, China”. Chemosphere 64, pp. 1514-1520.Wong, M.H., Leung, A.O.W., Chan, J.K.Y., Choi, M.P.K., (2005), “A review on theusage of POP pesticides in China, with emphasis on DDT loadings in humanmilk”, Chemosphere 60, pp. 740-752.Zhang, H., Lu, Y., Dawson, R.W., Shi, Y., Wang, T., (2005), “Classification andordination of DDT and HCH in soil samples from the Guanting Reservoir, China”,Chemosphere 60, pp. 762–769.Zhu, Y., Liu, H., Xi, Z., Cheng, H., Xu, X., (2005), “Organochlorine pesticides(DDTs and HCHs) in soils from the outskirts of Beijing, China”, Chemosphere 60,pp. 770-778.List of Acronyms and AbbreviationsDDTDDEDDDIARCHCHOCPsNEAPOPUSEPAWHODichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethaneInternational Agency for Research on CancerHexachlorocyclohexanePersistent organochlorines pesticidesNational Environmental AgencyPersistent organic compoundUnited State Environmental Protection AgencyWorld Health OrganizationAcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides320
DDT Residues in Breeding Population of Booted Eagle(Aquila pennata) Associated with Agricultural LandPracticesEmma Martínez-López, Pedro María-Mojica, Pilar Gómez-Ramírez, JoséF. Calvo, José E. Martínez and Antonio J. García-FernándezABSTRACTIn this study we have used blood of Booted eagle (Aquila pennata) nestlings (n=62)to evaluate the exposure to p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD and p,p’-DDE in an agriculturalarea from Southeastern Spain in 1999-2003 breeding seasons. Our results showedthan the trans-Saharan migratory factor cannot account for the results obtained forDDT and its analogues in the blood samples and, therefore, other factors directlyassociated with the study zone must be considered. Perhaps, the recommended useof dicofol (a product in whose manufacture DDT is used) against specific plagues tothe more important crops in the study area, may account for the levels of DDT andits analogues present in the blood of forest raptor chicks. On the other hand, wecorroborated that the blood of Booted eagle chicks may be taken into account as acontrol unit for monitoring or evaluating situations associated with changes inagricultural land use or practice.INTRODUCTIONThe dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine compound whichwas synthesized in 1874. Although technical DDT consists of several compounds,only p,p’-DDT (DDT), p,p’-DDD (DDD), and p,p’-DDE (DDE) have been relatedto adverse environmental effects (Blus, 1996). They were widely used inagricultural and malarial control programs from 1940s to 1960s with dramaticbenefits, but they fell into disfavour because of their persistence in the environment,wildlife and humans (Smith, 2004).Studies indicate that these compounds are directly correlated with impairedreproductive success, embryonic deformities, and mortality in wildlife (Custer et al.,1999; Konstantinou et al., 2000). There have been documented deleterious effects ofDDE in wild populations in birds (Helberg et al., 2005; Jiménez et al., 2005). DDEexposure is able to affect both adults and embryos resulting in mortality, reducedfertility, and suppression of egg formation, eggshell thinning and impairedincubation (Fry, 1995). In this sense, Mura et al. (2009) demonstrated that a singleexposure to low levels of p,p’-DDE during embryonic development may haveimportant neuroendocrine effects in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).In Spain, the use of DDT insecticide for agricultural practices was banned in 1994(Orden 4 de Febrero de 1994). However, it and its metabolites are still frequentlyAcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides321
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
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inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
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Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
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Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
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Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
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Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
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developing countries is due to suic
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count and morphology, as well as se
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PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
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elationship between OP exposure and
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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
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Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
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Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
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considered as conditions typical of
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observed adverse health outcome. Su
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within cells can oxidize biomolecul
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of the study. A face-to-face questi
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PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
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Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
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In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
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DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
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changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
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Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
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Environmental health criteria 155.
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Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
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Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
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INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
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exposure scenarios on the basis of
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not present adverse health effects
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greenhouse workers exposed to malat
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Paraoxon is then either metabolized
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cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
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metabolite of phthalates, such that
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scenarios were simulated, assuming
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Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
Page 270 and 271: Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
Page 272 and 273: Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
Page 274 and 275: Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
Page 276 and 277: A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
Page 278 and 279: SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
Page 280 and 281: Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
Page 282 and 283: Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
Page 284 and 285: REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
Page 286 and 287: Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
Page 288 and 289: Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
Page 290 and 291: marketed under variety of trade nam
Page 292 and 293: Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
Page 294 and 295: laboratory animals fed or injected
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Page 298 and 299: Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
Page 300 and 301: Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
Page 302 and 303: concentration (MAC) in surface soil
Page 304 and 305: Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
Page 306 and 307: Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
Page 308 and 309: Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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Page 314 and 315: Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
Page 316 and 317: CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
Page 318 and 319: Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
Page 322 and 323: found in tissues or fluids samples
Page 324 and 325: Study area and SamplingThis study w
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Page 330 and 331: Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
Page 332 and 333: Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
Page 334 and 335: Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
Page 336 and 337: Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
Page 338 and 339: Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
Page 340 and 341: Pesticides are used in order to pro
Page 342 and 343: EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
Page 344 and 345: RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
Page 346 and 347: As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
Page 348 and 349: Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 350 and 351: Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 352 and 353: Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
Page 354 and 355: Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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