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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix P, Blanche M, Passa P, Froguel P, Ruiz J.1997. Paraoxonase polymorphism Met–Leu 54 is associated with modified serumconcentrations of the enzyme a possible link between the paraoxonase gene andincreased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. J Clin Invest 99:62-66.Brophy VH, Jarvik GP, Richter RJ, Rozek L S, Schellenberg GD, Furlong CE.2000. Analysis of paraoxonase (PON1) L55M status requires both genotype andphenotype. Pharmacogenetics 10:453-460.Brophy VH, Jampsa RL, Clendenning JB, Mckinstry LA, Furlong CE. 2001. Effectsof 5´ regulatory-region polymorphisms on paraoxonase-gene (PON1) expression.Am J Hum Genet 68:1428-1436.Brown TP, Rumsby PC, Capleton AC, Rushton L, Levy LS. 2006. Pesticides andParkinson's disease--is there a link?. Environ Health Perspect 114:156-64.Carmine A, Buervenich S, Sydow O, Anvret M, Olson L. 2002. Furtherevidence foran association of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) met-54 allele with Parkinson's disease.Mov Disord 17:764-766.Cellini E, Tedde A, Bagnoli S, Nacmias B, Piacentini S, Bessi V, Bracco L, Sorbi S.2006. Association analysis of the paraoxonase-1 gene with Alzheimer's disease.Neurosci Lett 408:199-202.Chen J, Kumar M, Chan W, Berkowitz G, Wetmur JG. 2003. Increased influence ofgenetic variation on PON1 activity in neonatos. Environ Health Perspect 111:1403-1409.Cherry NM, Mackness M, Durrington P, Povey AC, Dippnall WM, Smith AE,Mackness B. 2002. Paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphisms in farmers attributing illhealthto sheep dip. Lancet 359:763–764.Colosio C., Vellere F. Epidemilogical studies of the anticholinesterase pesticidepoisoning: global impact. In: Anticholinesterase pesticides. Metabolism,neurotoxicity, and epidemiology. Satoh T. and Gupta R.C. (Eds). John Wiley &Sons, Inc. New Jersey 351-352 pp.Costa LG, Vitalone A, Cole TB, Fulong CE. 2005. Modulation of paraoxonase(PON1) activity. Biochem Pharmacol 69:541-550.Dantoine TF, Debord J, Merle L, Lacroix-Ramiandrisoa, H, Bourzeix L, CharmesJP. 2002a. Paraoxonase 1 activity: a new vascular marker of dementia?. Ann NYAcad Sci 977:96-101.Dantoine TF, Drouet M, Debord J, Merle L, Cogne M, Charmes JP. 2002b.Paraoxonase 1 192/55 gene polymorphisms in Alzheimer's disease. Ann NY AcadSci 977:239-244.da Silva J, Moraes CR, Heuser VD, Andrade VM, Silva FR, Kvitko K, Emmel V,Rohr P, Bordin DL, Andreazza AC, Salvador M, Henriques JA, Erdtmann B. 2008.Evaluation of genetic damage in a Brazilian population occupationally exposed topesticides and its correlation with polymorphisms in metabolizing genes.Mutagenesis 23:415-422.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides72
Dick FD, dePalma G, Ahmadi A, Osborne A, Scott NW, Prescott GJ, Bennett J,Semple S, Dick S, Mozzoni P, Haites N, BezzinaWettinger S, Mutti A, Otelea M,Seaton A, Felice A. 2007. Gene–environment interactions in Parkinsonism andParkinson’s disease: the Geo parkinson study. Occup Environ Med 64:673–680.Draganov DI, La Du BN. 2004. Pharmacogenetics of paraoxonases: a brief review.Nauny-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 369:78-88.Draganov DI, Teiber JF, Speelman A, Osawa Y, Sunahara R, La Du BN. 2005.Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlappingand distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res 46:1239-1247.Engel SM, Wetmur J, Chen J, Zhu C, Barr DB, Canfield RL, Wolff MS. (2011).Prenatal exposure to organophosphates, paraoxonase 1, and cognitive developmentin childhood. Environ Health Perspect 119:1182-1188.Erlich PM, Lunetta KL, Cupples LA, Huyck M, Green RC, Baldwin CT, Farrer LA.2006. Polymorphisms in the PON gene cluster are associated with Alzheimerdisease. Hum Mol Genet 15:77-85.Eskenazi B, Huen K, Marks A, Harley KG, Bradman A, Barr DB, Holland N. 2010.PON1 and neurodevelopment in children from the CHAMACOS study exposed toorganophosphate pesticides in utero. Environ Health Perspect 118:1775-1781.Fong CS, Cheng CW, Wu RM. 2005. Pesticides exposure and geneticpolymorphism of paraoxonase in the susceptibility of Parkinson's disease. ActaNeurol Taiwan 14: 55-60.Gallo MA, Lawryk NJ. 1991. Organic phosphorus pesticides. In: Hayes WJ, LawsJr. ER (Eds). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Vol.2. Academic Press, London,pp. 917–1053.Geldmacher-von Mallinckrodt M, Diepgen TL. 1988. The Human SerumParaoxonase-Polymorphism Specificity. Toxicol Environ Chem 18:79-196.González-Herrera L, Cerda-Flores RM, Luna-Rivero M, Canto-Herrera J, Pinto-Escalante D, Perez-Herrera N, Quintanilla-Vega B. 2010. Paraoxonase 1polymorphisms and haplotypes and the risk for having offspring affected with spinabifida in the Southeast Mexico. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 88:987-994.Harley KG, Huen K, Aguilar R, Holland NT, Bradman A, Barr DB. 2011.Association of organophosphate pesticide exposure and paraoxonase with birthoutcome in Mexican-American women. PLoS One 6:e23923.He XM, Zhang ZX, Zhang J W, Zhou YT, Tang MN, Wu CB, Hong Z. 2006.Gln192Arg polymorphism in paraoxonase 1 gene is associated with Alzheimerdisease in a Chinese Han ethnic population. Chin Med J 119:1204-1209.Hotopf M, Mackness MI, Nikolaou V, Collier DA, Curtis C, David A, Durrington P,Hull L, Ismail K, Peakman M, Unwin C, Wessely S, Mackness B. 2003.Paraoxonase in Persian Gulf War veterans. J Occup Environ Med 45:668-675.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides73
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
Page 22 and 23: ecently explored on preliminary stu
Page 24: individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
Page 27 and 28: occupational environmental health r
Page 30 and 31: must be considered, since effective
Page 34 and 35: Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
Page 36 and 37: Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
Page 38 and 39: Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
Page 40 and 41: human poisoning, general acute symp
Page 42 and 43: Management of the cholinergic syndr
Page 44 and 45: 1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
Page 46 and 47: exposed populations, revealed high
Page 48 and 49: DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
Page 50 and 51: Among the many classes of oximes in
Page 52 and 53: inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
Page 54 and 55: Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
Page 56 and 57: Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
Page 58 and 59: Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
Page 60 and 61: Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
Page 62 and 63: Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
Page 64 and 65: developing countries is due to suic
Page 66 and 67: count and morphology, as well as se
Page 68 and 69: PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
Page 70 and 71: elationship between OP exposure and
Page 74 and 75: Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
Page 76 and 77: Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
Page 78 and 79: Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
Page 80 and 81: considered as conditions typical of
Page 82 and 83: observed adverse health outcome. Su
Page 84 and 85: within cells can oxidize biomolecul
Page 86 and 87: of the study. A face-to-face questi
Page 88 and 89: PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
Page 90 and 91: Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
Page 92 and 93: In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
Page 94 and 95: DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
Page 96 and 97: changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
Page 98 and 99: Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
Page 100 and 101: Environmental health criteria 155.
Page 102 and 103: Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
Page 104 and 105: Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
Page 108 and 109: exposure scenarios on the basis of
Page 110 and 111: not present adverse health effects
Page 112 and 113: greenhouse workers exposed to malat
Page 114 and 115: Paraoxon is then either metabolized
Page 116 and 117: cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
Page 118 and 119: metabolite of phthalates, such that
Page 120 and 121: scenarios were simulated, assuming
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Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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the liver, mainly to p,p'-DDE and p
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33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
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Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
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Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
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Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
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Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
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Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
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Pesticides are used in order to pro
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EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
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As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
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Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
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Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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scandal’ are familiar to the gene
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ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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of application, with some still sca
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The main supercritical solvent used
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extracting the pesticides from the
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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