The Impact of Pesticides - Academy Publish

Durresi, Tirana, Fieri, Lushnja, Vlora) but almost every were in the country hadbeen developed different directions of agricultural (fruits, corns, vegetables, etc.).The most used organochlorinated pesticides were DDT, Lindane, HCB, Aldrins andHeptachlors. For some decades until 1990, the former chemical plant in Porto-Romano, Durres produced sodium dichromate, for leather tanning, and pesticides,such as lindane (gamma-HCH) and thiram. Both productions processes have beenidle since that time and the plant’s buildings have been totally destroyed after 90’.When the plant was operating, it produced 6-10 tons of lindane per year. TechnicalHCH mixture is produced by the photochlorination of benzene. It contains 65-70%a-HCH; 7-10% b-HCH; 14-15% g-HCH (lindane); 7% d-HCH; 1-2% e-HCH and 1-2% of other chlororganic compounds, e.g., heptachlor. Lindane is separated byextraction with methanol. The mixture of the other HCH-isomers can be convertedby thermal treatment to useful byproducts like tri-chlorbenzene and hydrogenchloride. Industrial wastes of chemical plant were discharged for many yearsdirectly to the sea.The scale of pesticides use after 90’ in agriculture has decreased, due the change ofsoil structure. Emigration of many peoples in western country and free movementinside the country were two main factors that impact directly in agriculture areasand it’s developing. Use of pesticides generally has decreased, because of largeareas were not using for agricultural purposes and other areas were used for buildingnew houses and industries. Except this, many chemical industries, include LindanePlant, were stopped or destroyed. Unfortunately families have been living in thisarea of plant after destroying. New houses were building near this territory. Theformer has generated the expired pesticides, which due to the inappropriateconditions of conservation and storage have been damaged. The other part ofexpired or out of use pesticides, to be disposed of, has been distributed in variousdistricts of the country. Mismanagement of oddments pesticides, for some yearsafter 90’ was another source of pesticides contamination not only in area ofchemical plant but in a diameter higher; include the waters of Adriatic Sea. Thisarea is considered a “hot-spot” of pollution in Albania. Different studies andanalyses showed extremely high levels of technical HCH mixtures in the area of theplant and in storage facilities located two kilometers away. Studies were conductedin this area in different samples (soil, water and milk). Levels of HCHs for soilsample in area of the former chemical plant in Porto-Romano were 8.79 mg/g. Thesample also contained chlorinated benzenes. The HCH content in water sample was4 µg/l. Milk samples showed a HCH content of 12.86 µg /kg of HCHs.Study of pesticide residues in marine waters (Adraiatic Sea) located near exchemichalplant of Porto-Romano was carrying out using sentinel organisms. Themussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis were used because of their physiology andaccumulation processes are well known, have a large geographic distribution in theAdriatic Sea and easy to find (Colombo et al., 1995; Dame, 1996; Farrington et al.,1983). The direct measurements of chlorinated contaminants need sophisticated andcostly methods, with some difficulties for their application to the monitoring ofWater Sea. Monitoring of organochlorinated pesticides were based on the ability ofmussels to concentrate chemical contaminants in their tissues from filtering WaterSea. Mussels have been shown to concentrate many organic contaminants by aAcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides227