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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002), “Contamination by selected chlorinatedpesticides in surface waters in Hanoi, Vietnam”, Chemosphere 47, pp. 357-367.Iwata, H., Tanabe, S., Sakai, N., Nishimura, A., Tasukawa, R., (1994),“Geographical distribution of persistent organochlorines in air, water and sedimentsfrom Asia and Oceania, and their implication for global redistribution from lowerlatitudes”, Environmental Pollution 85, pp. 15–33.Jiang. G. –b., Yang, R. –q., Lv. A. –h., Shi. J. –b., (2005), “The levels anddistribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Haihe River,China”, Chemosphere 61, pp. 347-354.Kannan, K., Battula, S., Loganathan, B.G., Hong, C.-S., Lam, W.H., Villeneuve,D.L., Sajwan, K., Giesy, J.P., Aldous, K.M., (2003), “Trace organic contaminants,including toxaphene and trifluralin, in cotton field soils from Georgia and SouthCarolina, USA”, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 45, pp.30–36.Kannan, K., Tanabe, S., Quynh, H.T., Hue, N.D., Tatsukawa, R., (1992), “Residuepattern and dietary intake of persistent organochlorine compounds in foodstuffs inVietnam”, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 22, pp. 367-374Kishimba, M.A., Henry, L., Mwevura, H., Mmochi, A.J., Mihale, M., Hellar, H.,(2004), “The status of pesticide pollution in Tanzania”, Talanta 64, pp. 48–53.Li, Y.F., (1999), “Global technical hexachlorocyclohexane usage and itscontamination consequences in the environment: from 1948 to 1997”, The Scienceof The Total Environment 232, pp. 121-158.Li., Y-F., Voldner., E.C., (1995). “Global usage of selected persistentorganochlorines”. Science of The Total Environment 160, pp. 201-210.Manz, M., Wenzel, K.-D., Dietze, U., Schüürmann, G., (2001), “Persistent organicpollutants in agricultural soils of central Germany”, Science of The TotalEnvironment 277, pp.187-198.McConnell, L.L., Cotham, W.E., Bidleman, T.F., (1993), “Gas exchange ofhexachlorocyclohexane in the Great Lakes”, Science of The Total Environment 27,pp. 1304–1311.Minh, N.H, Someya, M., Minh, T.B., Kunisue, T., Iwata, H., Watanabe, M., Tanabe,S., Viet, P.H., Tuyen, B.C., (2004), “Persistent organochlorine residues in humanbreast milk from Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: contamination,accumulation kinetics and risk assessment for infants”, Environmental Pollution129, pp. 431-441.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides318
Minh, N.M., Minh, T.B., Kajiwara, N., Kunisue, T., Iwata, H., Viet, P.H., Tu,N.P.C., Tuyen, B.C., Tanabe, S., (2007), “Pollution sources and occurrences ofselected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments of the Mekong Riverdelta, South Vietnam”, Chemosphere, In Press, Corrected Proof,doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.144, Available online 16 January 2007.Nakata, H., Hirakawa, Y., Kawazoe, M., Nakabo, T., Arizono, K., Abe, S.I., Kitano,T., Shimada, H., Watanabe, I., Li, W., Ding, X., (2005), “Concentrations andcompositions of organochlorine contaminants in sediments, soils, crustaceans, fishesand birds collected from Lake Tai, Hangzhou Bay and Shanghai city region, China”,Environmental Pollution 133, pp. 415–429.Nhan, D.D., Am, N.M., Hoi, N.C., Dieu, L.V., Carvalho, F.P., Villeuneve, J.P.,Cattini, C., (1998), “Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in the Red River Delta,North Vietnam”, Marine Pollution Bulletin 36, pp. 742–749.Phuong, P.K., Son, C.P.N., Sauvain, J.J., Tarradellas, J., (1998), “Contamination ofPCB's, DDT's and heavy metals in sediment of Ho Chi Minh City's canals,Vietnam”, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 60, pp. 347-354.Ramesh, A., Tanabe, S., Murase, H., Subramanian, A. N., Tatsukawa, R., (1991),“Distribution and behaviour of persistent organochlorine insecticides in paddy soiland sediments in the tropical environment: A case study in South India”,Environmental Pollution 74, pp. 293-307.Tanabe, S., Tatsuya Kunisue, T., (2006), “Persistent organic pollutants in humanbreast milk from Asian countries”, Environmental Pollution, In Press, CorrectedProof, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.07.003, Available online 1 September 2006.Thao, V.D., (1993), Persistent organochlorine residues in soils from tropical andsub-tropical Asia and Oceania, Doctor thesis, School of Agricultural Sciences,Ehime University, Japan.Thao, V.D., Kawano, M., Tatsukawa, R., (1993), “Persistent organochlorineresidues in soils from tropical and sub-tropical Asian countries”, EnvironmentalPollution 81, pp. 61-71.Thao, V.D., Toan, V.D., (2005), “Time trend variation of Persistent Organochlorineresidues in soils from Vietnam”, Regional Symposiums on Chemical Engineering,November Hanoi, Vietnam, pp. 351-360.Tieyu. W, Yonglong, L., Hong, Z., Yajuan, S., (2005), “Contamination of persistentorganic pollutants (POPs) and relevant management in China”, EnvironmentInternational 31, pp. 813-821.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides319
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
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inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
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Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
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Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
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Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
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Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
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developing countries is due to suic
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count and morphology, as well as se
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PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
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elationship between OP exposure and
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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
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Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
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Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
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considered as conditions typical of
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observed adverse health outcome. Su
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within cells can oxidize biomolecul
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of the study. A face-to-face questi
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PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
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Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
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In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
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DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
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changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
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Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
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Environmental health criteria 155.
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Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
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Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
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INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
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exposure scenarios on the basis of
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not present adverse health effects
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greenhouse workers exposed to malat
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Paraoxon is then either metabolized
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cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
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metabolite of phthalates, such that
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scenarios were simulated, assuming
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Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
Page 268 and 269: than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
Page 270 and 271: Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
Page 272 and 273: Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
Page 274 and 275: Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
Page 276 and 277: A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
Page 278 and 279: SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
Page 280 and 281: Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
Page 282 and 283: Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
Page 284 and 285: REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
Page 286 and 287: Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
Page 288 and 289: Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
Page 290 and 291: marketed under variety of trade nam
Page 292 and 293: Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
Page 294 and 295: laboratory animals fed or injected
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Page 298 and 299: Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
Page 300 and 301: Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
Page 302 and 303: concentration (MAC) in surface soil
Page 304 and 305: Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
Page 306 and 307: Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
Page 308 and 309: Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
Page 310 and 311: DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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Page 314 and 315: Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
Page 316 and 317: CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
Page 320 and 321: Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
Page 322 and 323: found in tissues or fluids samples
Page 324 and 325: Study area and SamplingThis study w
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Page 328 and 329: 33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
Page 330 and 331: Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
Page 332 and 333: Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
Page 334 and 335: Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
Page 336 and 337: Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
Page 338 and 339: Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
Page 340 and 341: Pesticides are used in order to pro
Page 342 and 343: EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
Page 344 and 345: RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
Page 346 and 347: As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
Page 348 and 349: Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 350 and 351: Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 352 and 353: Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
Page 354 and 355: Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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Page 360 and 361: Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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Page 364 and 365: The main supercritical solvent used
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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