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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffetta P. 2005. Genetic polymorphisms in the baseexcision repair pathway and cancer risk: A HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol162:925–942.Jokanovic M. 2001. Biotransformation of organophosphorous compounds.Toxicology 166: 139-160.Kanamori-Kataoka M, Seto Y. 2009. Paraoxonase activity against nerve gasesmeasured by capillar electrophoresis and characterization of human serumparaoxonase (PON1) polymorphism in the coding region (Q192R). Anal Biochem385:94-100.La Du BN, Piko JI, Eckerson HW, Vincent-Viry M, Siestm G. 1986. An improvedmethod for phenotyping individuals for the human serum paraoxonase arylesterasepolymorphism. Ann Biol Clin 44:369-372.Lazaros LA, Xita N, Hatzi EG, Kaponis AI, Stefos TJ, Plachouras NI, MakrydimasGV, Sofikitis NV, Zikopoulos AZ, Georgiou IA. 2011. Association of paraoxonasegene polymorphisms with sperm parameters. J Androl 32:394-401.Leduc V, Poirier J. 2008. Polymorphisms at the paraoxonase 1 L55M and Q192Rloci affect the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: emphasis on the cholinergicsystem and beta-amyloid levels. Neurodegener Dis 5:225-227.Lee BW, London L, Paulauskis J, Myers J, Christiani DC. 2003. Associationbetween human paraoxonase gene polymorphism and chronic symptoms inpesticide-exposed workers. J Occup Environ Med 45:118–122.Leviev I, James RW. 2000. Promoter polymorphisms of human paraoxonase PON1gene and serum paraoxonase activities and concentrations. Arterioscler ThrombVasc Biol 20:516–521.Li WF, Costa LG, Richter RJ, Hagen T, Shih DM, Tward A, Lusis AJ, Furlong CE.2000. Catalytic efficiency determines the in-vivo efficacy of PON1 for detoxifyingorganophosphorus compounds. Pharmacogenetics, 10:767-779.Liu YJ, Huang PL, Chang YF, Chen YH, Chiou YH, Xu ZL, Wong RH. 2006.GSTP1 genetic polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of DNA damage inpesticide-exposed fruit growers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:659-66.Mackness B, Durrington PN, Mackness MI. 2000. Low paraoxonase in Persian GulfWar Veterans self-reporting Gulf War Syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun276:729-733.Mackness B, Durrington PN, Mackness MI. 1998. Review: Human SerumParaoxonase. Gen Pharmacol 31:329-336.Manthripragada AD, Costello S, Cockburn MG, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. 2010.Paraoxonase 1, agricultural organophosphate exposure, and Parkinson disease.Epidemiology 21:87-94.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides74
Marsillach J, Mackness B, Mackness M, Riu F, Beltrán R, Joven J, Camps J. 2008.Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases-1, 2 and 3 expression in normalmouse tissues. Free Rad Biol Med 45:146-157.Marsillach J, Lafuente R, Checa MA, Maestre-Martínez C, Fabián E, Brassesco M,Beltrán-Debón R, Aragonès G, Carreras R, Pedro-Botet J, Joven J, Camps J. 2010.Paraoxonase-1 is only present in traceable amounts in seminal fluid and does notshow any relathionship with male subfertility. BJU Int 108:566-570.Moreno-Banda G, Blanco-Muñoz J, Lacasaña M, Rothenberg SJ, Aguilar-GarduñoC, Gamboa R, Pérez-Méndez O. 2009. Maternal exposure to floricultural workduring pregnancy, PON1 Q192R polymorphism and the risk of low birth weight. SciTotal Environ 15:5478-5485.Nielsen SS, Mc-Kean-Cowdin R, Farin FM, Holly EA, Preston-Martin S, MuellerBA. 2010. Chilhood brain tumors, residential insecticide exposure, and pesticidemetabolism genes. Environ Health Perspect 118:144-149.Padungtod C, Niu T, Wang Z, Savitz D, Christiani D, Ryan LM., Xu X. 1999.Paraoxonase polymorphism and its effect on male reproductive outcomes amongChinese pesticide factory workers. Am J Ind Med 36:379-387.Pérez-Herrera N, Polanco-Minaya H, Salazar-Arredondo E, Solís-Heredia MJ,Hernández-Ochoa I, Rojas-García E, Alvarado-Mejía J, Borja-Aburto VH,Quintanilla-Vega B. 2008. PON1Q192R genetic polymorphism modifiesorganophosphorous pesticide effect on semen quality and DNA integrity inagricultural workers from southern Mexico. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 230:261-268.Piña-Guzmán B, Solís-Heredia MJ, Rojas-García AE, Urióstegui-Acosta M,Quintanilla-Vega B. 2006. Genetic damage caused by methyl-parathion in mousespermatozoa is related to oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 216:216-24.Pola R, Gaetani E, Flex A, Gerardino L, Aloi F, Flore R, Serricchio M, Pola P,Bernabei R. 2003. Lack of association between Alzheimer's disease and Gln-Arg192 Q/R polymorphism of the PON-1 gene in an Italian population. Dement GeriatrCogn Disord 15:88-91.Povey AC, Jury F, Dippnall M, Smith T, Thomson S, Mackness B, Mackness M,Durrington P, Cherry NM. 2007. GST, CYP and PON1 polymorphisms in farmersattributing ill-health to organophosphate containing sheep-dip. Biomarkers 12:188–202.Rao MN, Marmillot P, Gong M, Palmer DA, Seef LB, Strader DB, Lakshman MR.2003. Light, but not heavy alcohol drinking, stimulates paraoxonase by upregulatinliver mRNA in rats and humans. Metabolism 52:1287-1294.Richter RJ, Jarvik G P, Furlong CE. 2009. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status andsubstrate hydrolysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 235: 1-9.Richter RJ, Jarvik GP, Furlong CE. 2010. Paraoxonase 1 Status as a Risk Factor forDisease or Exposure. Adv Exp Med Biol 660: 29–35.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides75
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
Page 24: individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
Page 27 and 28: occupational environmental health r
Page 30 and 31: must be considered, since effective
Page 34 and 35: Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
Page 36 and 37: Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
Page 38 and 39: Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
Page 40 and 41: human poisoning, general acute symp
Page 42 and 43: Management of the cholinergic syndr
Page 44 and 45: 1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
Page 46 and 47: exposed populations, revealed high
Page 48 and 49: DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
Page 50 and 51: Among the many classes of oximes in
Page 52 and 53: inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
Page 54 and 55: Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
Page 56 and 57: Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
Page 58 and 59: Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
Page 60 and 61: Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
Page 62 and 63: Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
Page 64 and 65: developing countries is due to suic
Page 66 and 67: count and morphology, as well as se
Page 68 and 69: PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
Page 70 and 71: elationship between OP exposure and
Page 72 and 73: Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
Page 76 and 77: Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
Page 78 and 79: Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
Page 80 and 81: considered as conditions typical of
Page 82 and 83: observed adverse health outcome. Su
Page 84 and 85: within cells can oxidize biomolecul
Page 86 and 87: of the study. A face-to-face questi
Page 88 and 89: PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
Page 90 and 91: Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
Page 92 and 93: In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
Page 94 and 95: DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
Page 96 and 97: changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
Page 98 and 99: Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
Page 100 and 101: Environmental health criteria 155.
Page 102 and 103: Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
Page 104 and 105: Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
Page 108 and 109: exposure scenarios on the basis of
Page 110 and 111: not present adverse health effects
Page 112 and 113: greenhouse workers exposed to malat
Page 114 and 115: Paraoxon is then either metabolized
Page 116 and 117: cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
Page 118 and 119: metabolite of phthalates, such that
Page 120 and 121: scenarios were simulated, assuming
Page 122 and 123: Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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the liver, mainly to p,p'-DDE and p
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33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
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Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
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Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
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Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
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Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
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Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
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Pesticides are used in order to pro
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EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
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As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
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Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
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Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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scandal’ are familiar to the gene
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ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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of application, with some still sca
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The main supercritical solvent used
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extracting the pesticides from the
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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