The Impact of Pesticides - Academy Publish

are many ranking systems of dangerous substances based primarily on theaggregation of intensive or semi intensive parameters. However, this approach tendsto ignore a fundamental extensive parameter: the amount of substance in theenvironment as regards concentration. In the cases where it is considered, thisparameter is very often estimated by models of fugacity (i.e. see Sanchez-Bayo etal., 2002; Ares, 2004; Padovani et al., 2004); based on the amounts of substancesreleased into the environment (i.e. see Swanson et al., 1997; Finizio et al., 2001; DeSmet et al., 2005; Yazgan and Tania, 2005) based on transport models (Kookana etal., 2005). Without this parameter, it is impossible to delineate the exposure, andthus, the analysis does not result in a risk analysis of substances, it is rather oneabout their dangerousness (MacKay et al., 2001), resulting in less analytical powerfor decision-making.In a dangerousness index, the literature stated that is desirable it can handle theconcept of "risk" within the meaning of "technical concept of risk"; that is, toconsider the extent of damage depending on its occurrence likelihood (Maud et al.,2001). Comparative analysis systems of the dangers of pesticides based on risk onlyfocus either on the ecotoxicological risk (i.e. Palma et al., 2004) or on human risk(i.e. Ares, 2004). The DelAzulPestRisk model focuses on both in an integratedmanner and based on concentrations measured in situ. This draws to a flexibleestimating system of the human exposure to substances deducted from recreationaluse of an affected, and thus, real environment and does not estimate the exposureindirectly, from the emission of data of substances to the environment. In addition tothe uncertainties inherent in estimation models (of which the DelAzulPestRiskmodel is not exempt), the uncertainties of the information of the survey about theuse of pesticides have to be added (formulations, emission rates, etc.). Thisinformation is not easily obtained locally in developing countries such as Argentina,as highlighted by Feola, et al. (2011) in his study on the selection of an index to beapplied in Colombia. DelAzulPestRisk is also a snapshot methodology thatintegrates available information locally to respond to the guidelines set forth byLevitan (1995; 1997).The probabilistic analysis, while some simplicity is subtracted (one more desirablecharacteristic of these systems explained by Maud et al. (2001)), provides a greaterchoice of estimation and uncertainty analysis. The results of applying theDelAzulPestRisk model showed that Cypermethin is the priority substance to studyin the system, even though it is neither the most toxic to humans or biotaconsidering toxicological reference values, nor the one that possesses the greatestpersistence or the greatest bioaccumulation potential. Other methodologiesexclusively based on intensive characteristics would have highlighted othersubstances that simultaneously meet higher levels of environmental dangerousnessover Cypermethrin.The sensitivity analysis showed the great importance of examining closely theevolution of the concentrations of this substance. Concentrations considered in thecontext of the analysis of human and ecological risk together with their persistenceAcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides258