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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion, diazinon and carbarylare pesticides used in thecontrol of insects in coffee plantations. Oh-Shin, Ko et al.(1997)proposed themethods GC/NPD and GC/ECD to determine these pesticides derived frompentafluoropropionic acid anhydride (PFPA) in drinking water samples. The methodshowed to be linear (R 2 =0.998 to 1.000), sensitive (LOD
mass spectrometer detectors are more suitable for analysis of more polar compoundsbecause the samples are analyzed directly without derivatization.Commonly used extraction processes involving analytical methods such as LLE,SPE, SDME or SPME are associated with the chromatographic techniques.Considering the use of solvents and the formation of residues by the LLE and SPEmethods, the SPME and SDME methods are considered more advantageous.Moreover, SDME is of low cost.REFERENCESAndaló, V; Moino Jr, A; Santa-Cecília, LVC and Souza, GC (2004). "Compatibilityof Beauveria bassiana with chemical pesticides for the control of the coffee rootmealybug Dysmicoccus texensis tinsley (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae)." Neotrop.Entomol.Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil,Vol 33, No4, pp 463-467.Capobiango, H LV and Cardeal, Z L (2005). "A Solid-Phase Microextractionmethod for the chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides infish, water, potatoes, guava and coffee." J. Braz. Chem. Soc, Vol 16, No5, pp 907-914.Cardeal, Z L; Rabelo C; Silva, F C (1999). "Determination of organophosphoruspesticides in water using SPME-GC-MS." Química Nova Vol 22, No2, pp 197-200.Casarett and Doull's (2001). Toxicollogy Casarett e Doull: The Basic Science ofPoisons. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 763-784.Chanakya, H N and De Alwis, AAP (2004). "Environmental issues andmanagement in primary coffee processing." Process Saf. and Environ.Protect.Trans I Chem E, Vol 82, No B4, pp 291-300.Chung, SWC and Chan, BTP (2010). "Validation and use of a fast samplepreparation method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry inanalysis of ultra-trace levels of 98 organophosphorus pesticide and carbamateresidues in a total diet study involving diversified food types." J. Chromatogr. A.Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Vol 1217, No 29, pp 4815-4824.Diez-Rodriguez, GI ; De Baptista, GC; Trevizani, LRP; Haddad, ML; Nava, DE(2006). "Residues of thiamethoxam, aldicarb and its metabolites in coffee leavesand effect on the control of Leucoptera coffeella (Guerin-Meneville) (Lepidoptera :lyonetiidae)." Neotrop. Entomol.Crop Protection, Vol 35, No3, pp 257-263.ec.europa.eu/environment/water. "The Drinking Water Directive (DWD), CouncilDirective 98/83/EC." Accessed in december 2011.ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides. (2005). "EU MRLs pesticides."Accessed indecember 2011.Ellis-Tabanor, M and Hyslop, E (2005). "Effect of sublethal concentrations ofendosulfan on growth and fecundity of two species of snails." Bull. Environ.Contam. Toxicol., Springer Science, Vol 74, No6, pp 1173-1178.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides387
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
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inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
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Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
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Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
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Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
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Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
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developing countries is due to suic
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count and morphology, as well as se
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PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
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elationship between OP exposure and
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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
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Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
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Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
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considered as conditions typical of
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observed adverse health outcome. Su
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within cells can oxidize biomolecul
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of the study. A face-to-face questi
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PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
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Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
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In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
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DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
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changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
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Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
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Environmental health criteria 155.
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Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
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Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
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INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
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exposure scenarios on the basis of
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not present adverse health effects
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greenhouse workers exposed to malat
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Paraoxon is then either metabolized
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cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
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metabolite of phthalates, such that
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scenarios were simulated, assuming
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Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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the liver, mainly to p,p'-DDE and p
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33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
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Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
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Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
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Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
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Page 338 and 339: Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
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Page 342 and 343: EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
Page 344 and 345: RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
Page 346 and 347: As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
Page 348 and 349: Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 350 and 351: Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 352 and 353: Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
Page 354 and 355: Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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Page 358 and 359: ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Page 370 and 371: chromatography with negative-ion el
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Page 374 and 375: Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
Page 376 and 377: Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
Page 378 and 379: Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
Page 380 and 381: Analytical methods to assess the im
Page 382 and 383: acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
Page 384 and 385: 1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
Page 388 and 389: Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
Page 390 and 391: Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
Page 392 and 393: Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
Page 394 and 395: ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
Page 396 and 397: inorganic and organic species a lar
Page 398 and 399: surface area and be easily modified
Page 400 and 401: Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
Page 402 and 403: Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
Page 404 and 405: PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
Page 406 and 407: ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
Page 408 and 409: FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
Page 410 and 411: Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
Page 412 and 413: Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
Page 414 and 415: The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
Page 416 and 417: About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
Page 418: THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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