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REFERENCES1. Austin, G.D., Watson, R.W.J., D'Amore, T. (1994): Studies of on-line viable yeast biomass with acapacitance biomass monitor, Biotechnol., Bioeng., 43, 337-341.2. Banu, C., Bulancea, M., Ana, A. (2002): Industria vinului, Manualul inginerului de industriea. alimentară, Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti, Vol.2(8): 643-7123. Barford, J.P. (2000): The technology of aerobic yeast growth, in Yeast Biotechnology, Ed. Allen.Unwin., London, 201-206.4. Jacobson, J.L. (2005): Introduction to Wine Laboratory Practices and Procedures (Kindle Edition).5. Oprean, L. (2002): Drojdii industriale, Ed. Univ. Lucian Blaga, Sibiu.6. Ribereau-Gayon, P., Lonvaud, A., Jeffery, M., Branco, Jr., Dubourdieu, D., Doneche, B. (2006):The Handbook of Enology. Vol. 1: Microbiology of Wine (Kindle Edition).7. Tiţa, O. (2004): Aspecte privind imobilizarea drojdiilor şi utilizarea lor în conducerea proceselorfermentative. Ed. Univ. Lucian Blaga, Sibiu.8. Tita,O. (2006): Manual de analiza a calitatii si controlul tehnologic in industria vinului, Ed.ULBS,Sibiu, 32-35.9. Ţârdea, C. (2007): Chimia si analiza vinului. Ed. Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Iasi.164
HIGH NUTRITIVE BIOMASS OF EDIBLE AND MEDICINALMUSHROOMS PRODUCED BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION OFCEREAL BY-PRODUCTSMARIAN PETRE * , ALEXANDRU TEODORESCU * , CARMEN BEJAN ** ,ALINA ANDRONESCU ** University of Pitesti, Faculty of Sciences, 1 Targul din Vale Street, Arges County, 110040, RomaniaCorresponding author e-mail: marian_petre_ro@yahoo.com**National R & D Institute for Biotechnology in Horticulture Stefanesti-Arges, Arges County, RomaniaABSTRACTThe main aim of this research work was focused on testing the most efficient food biotechnology to beapplied in leading and controlling the submerged fermentation of edible and medicinal mushroomson substrata made of by-products that resulted from the cereal processing of food industry. To carryout the experiments, a suspension of activated spores of the mushroom strains of Ganoderma lucidum(Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst and Lentinus edodes (Berkeley) Pegler, picked up in aseptic conditions, wasprepared in order to be inoculated in the culture media previously poured and sterilized inside theculture vessel of a 20 l laboratory scale bioreactor, at 121 0 C, 1.1 atm., for 15 min.. All culture mediaused in experiments were prepared from different sorts of bran and broken seeds resulted from theindustrial food processing of wheat, barley and rye seeds. The submerged fermentation was set up atthe following parameters: constant temperature, 23°C; agitation speed, 70-90 rev. min -1 ; pH level,5.7–6.0 units; dissolved oxygen tension within the range of 30%-50%. During a period of submergedfermentation lasting between 120-180 h, the fungal biomass in the shape of small fungal pellets wasdeveloped inside the culture media. The edible mushrooms G. lucidum and L. edodes were grown bysubmerged fermentation in controlled cultivation cycles to increase the fungal metabolism bydeveloping and multiplying mycelia. The developed fungal pellets as well as all free mycelia fractionfrom the total biomass were microscopically studied. The chemical composition of the fungal biomasswas analysed to determine and compare the chemical contents of those two mushroom species.Key words: biomass, biotechnology, Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum, submergedfermentationINTRODUCTIONThe submerged cultivation in liquid media of mushroom mycelium is a promisingmethod which can be used in novel biotechnological processes for obtainingpharmaceutical substances of anticancer, antiviral, immuno-stimulatory, and antiscleroticaction from fungal biomass and cultural liquids and also for theproduction of liquid spawn (Wainwright, 1992; Stamets, 1993). The research worksmade to get nutritive supplements from the biomass of Ganoderma lucidum species(Reishi) have shown that the nutritive value of its mycelia is own to the hugeprotein content, carbohydrates and mineral salts (Hobbs, 1996; Mizuno et al., 1995;Breene, 1990). Also, it is well known the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharidefractions extracted from the mycelia of Lentinus edodes species (Shiitake) which isa good source of proteins, carbohydrates and mineral elements with beneficialeffects on human nutrition (Moser, 1994; Wasser & Weis, 1994).165
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMICAL SCIENCES
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEProf. Dr. Petru
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CONTENTSECTION I: AGRICULTURAL BIOT
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SECTION IV: INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONM
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Proceeding of the 3 rd Internationa
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All the biological material (positi
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At harvesting, symptoms could be in
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Necrotic Disease (PTRND) induced by
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Eppendorfer, W., H., Eggum, B.,O.,
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Now Lamium genus from Lamiaceae fam
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extracts and rutin, hyperoside, chl
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Figure 3. Scavenging activity on DP
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CO-TRANSFORMATION OF POTATO (SOLANU
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transferred OCI and OCII genes were
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correspond to co-transformation fre
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EXPERIMENTS ON LASER RADIATION INFL
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formations. The average percentage
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Legend: Variants: V1 (5 minutes of
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We thank our partners at 4R OPTICS
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Regarding superior plants they are
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Fig. 2. The mechanism of the abscis
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In figure 3 it is presented the bio
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In the same time it has been proved
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egenerative lines of alfalfa, Wan e
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demonstrated direct regeneration fr
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(Knoll et al. 1997, Zhang and Zeeva
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the mean ± standard error. Six sam
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IMPACT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON SPINACH RE
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etween SD and LD response of the sa
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GA 3 plays an important role in spi
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INFLUENCE OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (P
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enriched with 20 g / l sucrose, 8g
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If we compare the two varieties Roc
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For Roclas cultivar, the highest nu
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RESEARCH ON THE AVERAGE NUMBER OFPO
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two weeks before the harvest, were
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from minitubersfrom plantlets8.637.
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If biological material influences t
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BIOTECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIC CULTIVATIO
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAccording to
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nitrogen sources, barley bran was t
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In figure 5 the effects of inoculum
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DORMANCY OF SEEDS AND HIS IMPORTANC
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Dor. Large samples of grain were ha
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Precip.23.06.200524.06.200525.06.20
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certificates technologies. In the o
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PROBLEMS RELATED TO RECULTIVATION O
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Fig. 2 - Density of tests making in
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The analysis made of the conditions
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The mixtures are intense dynamic bi
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Mixed growing of wintering pea and
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RHODIOLA ROSEA L. IN VITRO CULTURES
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from Rila Mountain National Park of
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In vitro seed germination and devel
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Along with rhizogenesis, shoot form
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4. Ganzera, M., Yayla, Y., Khan, I.
Page 113 and 114: 1994), while timentin stimulated mo
Page 115 and 116: 1 and 2.5 mg/l hyg were not necroti
Page 117 and 118: Nevertheless, we suggest stepwise i
Page 119 and 120: SECTION II: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERI
Page 121 and 122: The young pigs were fed in accordan
Page 123 and 124: LЕ39,8344,06100,25LЕ29,7944,793,6
Page 125 and 126: During the digestibility test daily
Page 127 and 128: - The use of fodder per unit of liv
Page 129 and 130: Table 1- The observational data for
Page 131 and 132: Having arranged the treatment means
Page 133 and 134: difference between them is 0,78 and
Page 135 and 136: processes that occur during the win
Page 137 and 138: hundreds of fermenting experiences
Page 139 and 140: In the case of spontaneous malolact
Page 141 and 142: With enzymeNo enzymesAstringencyRou
Page 143 and 144: RESEARCHES ON THE BIOTECHNOLOGY POS
Page 145 and 146: from Merlot grapes, with 224 g / l
Page 147 and 148: lasted 12 days, while the variants
Page 149 and 150: case of the produces fermentation.
Page 151 and 152: itself a protective factor against
Page 153 and 154: THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPO
Page 155 and 156: Sample witness Thiamine Magnesium s
Page 157 and 158: Both the vitamines (thiamine) and t
Page 159 and 160: This reaction takes place inside th
Page 161 and 162: Sample witness Glycerol 2.5% Glycer
Page 163: The intensity of the connection can
Page 167 and 168: According to the purpose of this wo
Page 169 and 170: Experiments were carried out in thr
Page 171 and 172: Table 5. The sugar and total nitrog
Page 173 and 174: STUDY OF THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN G
Page 175 and 176: The analyzed wheat was characterize
Page 177 and 178: The lack of a significant relations
Page 179 and 180: (phenotypically influenced) and glu
Page 181 and 182: DP700 integrator was used. Compound
Page 183 and 184: Of the esters were identified:•2-
Page 185 and 186: Table 4 - Concentration of terpenes
Page 187 and 188: SECTION IV: INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONM
Page 189 and 190: Table 2. Variation of the compositi
Page 191 and 192: YoghurtAcerbityFresh butterVerdantF
Page 193 and 194: 1991). This imposes the need of new
Page 195 and 196: The crop weeds occurrence (mainly w
Page 197 and 198: formation in the variant fertilized
Page 199 and 200: gypsum from Sero-Cleaning Installat
Page 201 and 202: DepthcmTable 1. Water soluble salts
Page 203 and 204: egulation in mixed filling of ashes
Page 205 and 206: The aim of this paper is to use the
Page 207 and 208: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONPreliminary e
Page 209 and 210: M1 T1 A B T2 A BM2 T1 A B T2 A BM3
Page 211 and 212: As one can see in figure 4, the hig
Page 213 and 214: STUDIES ON IMMOBILIZATION OF CELLUL
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Total immobilizatedprotein (%)80706
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PHYTOREMEDIATION OF LEAD CONTAMINAT
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are placed through holes in the gro
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To highlight phyto-remediation test
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• The leaves have different abili
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include xylanase, endoxylanase, 1,4
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In Taguchi technique, the variation
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REFERENCES1.Amita, R.S., Shah, R.K.
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molecules, such as proteins, DNA, a
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• Quantitative determination of s
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Antioxidant activityDPPH- Free radi
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quantitative determination of the f
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ANTIOXIDANT BIOPRODUCT WITHIMMUNOMO
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evaluations of the specific physica
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TNF-α (pg/ml)100090080070060050040
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF VITICUL
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hydrocarbon components such as benz
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe wine indu
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CONCLUSIONIt takes 16 months under
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VANILLIN RELEASE FROM AGAR MICROCAP
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only considering that an amount of
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Fig 4. Surface vanillin (SV) versus
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containing pumpkin extracts (1 ml/l
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Table1 Effect of different types of
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Table 3. Acclimatization of А. mon
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SECTION V: FOOD SAFETYSENSORY ANALY
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Depending on the product analysed,
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Sensory analysis for organic versus
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organic sample), colour (3,85 compa
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Fig. 1.7. Organic (QAF) versus conv
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CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ENZ
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determined in order to establish th
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3,53log N (N = NTG/g apple slices)2
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a - control; b - apple slices spray
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DETERMINATION OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKER
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Tabel 1. Characteristics of experim
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The maximmal value has been recorde
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Fig 3. Sensors responses for sample
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE METHODS USED TO
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After the sample extraction, the se
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REFERENCES1. Bosset, J. O., Jeangro
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CASE STUDY - METHODS AND FILM PACKA
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Backbone Solution that provides bas
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85 X 55 MM (CREDIT CARD SIZE) OR SM
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the exposing of the entire range of
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REFERENCES1. Agency - March 2002 -
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keep the value of sensory and nutri
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Material exposure to UV radiation w
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Fig. 6. Influence of UV duration on
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Table 3.4. The influence of PEF + U
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SECTION VI: MISCELLANEOUSCOMPUTERIZ
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The computer measures the encasing
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measurements bulletin is typed by t
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5. CONCLUSIONSThe implementation of
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• the knowledge and the informati
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The Agri-Food KMP will be extended,
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REFERENCES1. Abell, A. A. and Oxbro
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quicker translocation of the raw sa
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with X1 [ a,b]such that M ( θ )( )
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as it leads us in the right directi
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