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230PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SOME FLAVONOID PIGMENTS ONOXIDATIVE STRESSCORNELIA NICHITA 1 , GEORGETA NEAGU-CARAENE 1 , ANA EMANDI 2 ,VIRGINIA VULTURESCU 1 , CRISTINA BAZDOACA 1 , RADU ALBULESCU 1 ,NICOLETA BADEA 31 National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania ,e-mail: cornelianichita@yahoo.com2National Institute of Research and Development in the Field of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences“Victor Babes”, Bucharest, Romania.ABSTRACTFlavonoids are plant pigments that are synthesized from phenylalanine and generally displaymarvelous colors in the flowering parts of plants.The flavonoid pigments are a group of polyphenolic compounds with known properties which includefree radical scavenging, inhibition of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes and anti-inflammatory action.Flavonoids’ antioxidant properties may be explained also by free radicals capture formed in variouspathological conditions: anoxia (when the generation of super-oxide radical takes place),inflammations (when super-oxide anions by NADPH-leukocytes’ membrane oxidase, hydroxylradicals and other reactive radicals are produced, which are forming during phagocytosis), lipidsauto-oxidation (with hydro-peroxide radicals <strong>format</strong>ion).Many investigations have correlated the pharmacodynamic properties of some plant extracts withtheir antioxidant activity and the capacity to defend the organism against oxidative stress.This study presents the evaluation of antioxidant activity of some vegetal selective extracts obtainedfrom Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Hypericum perforatum L.Antioxidant properties were studied using the chemiluminescence technique and DPPH free radicalscavenging assay.A correlation between antioxidant activity and flavonoidic content was observed for all the selectiveextracts. The results obtained recommending the selective vegetal extracts from Agrimonia eupatoriaL. and Hypericum perforatum L. species for applications in pharmaceutical industry, cosmeticindustry and food additives.Key-words: chemiluminescence, antioxidant activity, flavonoid pigments, oxidative stress.INTRODUCTIONFlavonoids are plant pigments that are synthesized from phenylalanine andgenerally display marvelous colors in the flowering parts of plants.Flavonoids belong to the extensive group of polyphenols and several biologicalactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-cancer, antiviral, antibacterial,antispasmodic, neuroprotectant, antiatherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic, have beenattributed to these compounds [1].Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence imbalance have been associated withinflammatory, carcinogenic and coronary diseases. The recognized antioxidantpotential of flavonoids could therefore be responsible for their beneficialactions[2]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by many redox processesthat normally occur in the metabolism of aerobic cells. These species are highlyreactive and harmful to the cells. If not eliminated, ROS can damage important
molecules, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. Cells express several defencemechanisms, including antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic compounds, thathelp prevent the damaging effects of ROS [3,4]. However, these endogenoussystems are often in sufficient for complete scavenging of ROS. Their excess hasbeen implicated in the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer,arteriosclerosis and rheumatism [5,6].Oxidative stress can also play an important role in the development ofneurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases [7,8].There is an increasing interest in natural antioxidants, namely phenols, present inmedicinal and dietary plants, that might help prevent oxidative damage[9-11].Many investigations have correlated the pharmacodynamic properties of someplant extracts with their antioxidant activity and the capacity to defend theorganism against oxidative stress. Among the plants of interest, the speciesAgrimonia eupatoria L. and Hypericum perforatum L. is also situated, whosechemical composition rich in flavonoids and polyphenols components confersantioxidant and curative properties. [12,13].For obtaining of the flavonoid pigments were used two vegetal species Agrimoniaeupatoria L. and Hypericum perforatum L.The aerial parts of agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L., Rosaceae) are used asinfusions, decoctions or tinctures (aqueous-alcoholic extracts) in traditionalmedicine, for their anti-inflammatory, astringent and diuretic properties [14, 15].Agrimonia eupatoria L. contain aromatic acids, triterpenes, tannins, and flavonoidpigments. The presence of kaempferide, kaempferol and their derivatives, such askaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnoside and kaempferol 3-rutinoside,have also been reported [16].Hypericum perforatum, (St. Jons’s wort) is a vegetal species, from which theflowering part is used, which contains: naphtodiantrone (hyipericin,pseudohypericin, protohypericin, isohypericin), anthranols (emodol, anthranol),Flavonol glycosides ( hyperoside, rutin, isoquercitrin, quercetin 3-glucuronate,quercetin 3-galacturonate, hyperoside-acetyl, rutin-acetyl, kampferol 3-rutinoside,quercetin 3-rhamnoside), flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, biapigenin,amentoflavone) essential oil, proantocianidoli, cinnamic acid, cafeic acid,chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid.Hypericum perforatum L. extracts contain many phenolic compounds, namelyflavonoids and phenolic acids, suggesting that they could have importantantioxidant properties. Previous reports indicate that these extracts show significantscavenging capacity for the superoxide radical, produced by the xanthine/xanthineoxidase system [17].The complex pharmacological action, of choleretic, cholagogue, antiinflammatory,anti- depressive, cicatrizant is attributed to the active principlesmentioned.231
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMICAL SCIENCES
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEProf. Dr. Petru
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CONTENTSECTION I: AGRICULTURAL BIOT
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SECTION IV: INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONM
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Proceeding of the 3 rd Internationa
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All the biological material (positi
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At harvesting, symptoms could be in
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Necrotic Disease (PTRND) induced by
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Eppendorfer, W., H., Eggum, B.,O.,
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Now Lamium genus from Lamiaceae fam
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extracts and rutin, hyperoside, chl
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Figure 3. Scavenging activity on DP
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CO-TRANSFORMATION OF POTATO (SOLANU
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transferred OCI and OCII genes were
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correspond to co-transformation fre
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EXPERIMENTS ON LASER RADIATION INFL
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formations. The average percentage
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Legend: Variants: V1 (5 minutes of
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We thank our partners at 4R OPTICS
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Regarding superior plants they are
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Fig. 2. The mechanism of the abscis
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In figure 3 it is presented the bio
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In the same time it has been proved
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egenerative lines of alfalfa, Wan e
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demonstrated direct regeneration fr
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(Knoll et al. 1997, Zhang and Zeeva
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the mean ± standard error. Six sam
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IMPACT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON SPINACH RE
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etween SD and LD response of the sa
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GA 3 plays an important role in spi
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INFLUENCE OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (P
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enriched with 20 g / l sucrose, 8g
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If we compare the two varieties Roc
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For Roclas cultivar, the highest nu
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RESEARCH ON THE AVERAGE NUMBER OFPO
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two weeks before the harvest, were
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from minitubersfrom plantlets8.637.
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If biological material influences t
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BIOTECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIC CULTIVATIO
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAccording to
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nitrogen sources, barley bran was t
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In figure 5 the effects of inoculum
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DORMANCY OF SEEDS AND HIS IMPORTANC
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Dor. Large samples of grain were ha
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Precip.23.06.200524.06.200525.06.20
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certificates technologies. In the o
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PROBLEMS RELATED TO RECULTIVATION O
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Fig. 2 - Density of tests making in
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The analysis made of the conditions
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The mixtures are intense dynamic bi
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Mixed growing of wintering pea and
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RHODIOLA ROSEA L. IN VITRO CULTURES
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from Rila Mountain National Park of
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In vitro seed germination and devel
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Along with rhizogenesis, shoot form
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4. Ganzera, M., Yayla, Y., Khan, I.
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1994), while timentin stimulated mo
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1 and 2.5 mg/l hyg were not necroti
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Nevertheless, we suggest stepwise i
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SECTION II: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERI
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The young pigs were fed in accordan
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LЕ39,8344,06100,25LЕ29,7944,793,6
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During the digestibility test daily
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- The use of fodder per unit of liv
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Table 1- The observational data for
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Having arranged the treatment means
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difference between them is 0,78 and
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processes that occur during the win
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hundreds of fermenting experiences
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In the case of spontaneous malolact
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With enzymeNo enzymesAstringencyRou
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RESEARCHES ON THE BIOTECHNOLOGY POS
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from Merlot grapes, with 224 g / l
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lasted 12 days, while the variants
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case of the produces fermentation.
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itself a protective factor against
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPO
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Sample witness Thiamine Magnesium s
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Both the vitamines (thiamine) and t
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This reaction takes place inside th
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Sample witness Glycerol 2.5% Glycer
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The intensity of the connection can
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HIGH NUTRITIVE BIOMASS OF EDIBLE AN
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According to the purpose of this wo
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Experiments were carried out in thr
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Table 5. The sugar and total nitrog
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STUDY OF THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN G
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The analyzed wheat was characterize
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The lack of a significant relations
Page 179 and 180: (phenotypically influenced) and glu
Page 181 and 182: DP700 integrator was used. Compound
Page 183 and 184: Of the esters were identified:•2-
Page 185 and 186: Table 4 - Concentration of terpenes
Page 187 and 188: SECTION IV: INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONM
Page 189 and 190: Table 2. Variation of the compositi
Page 191 and 192: YoghurtAcerbityFresh butterVerdantF
Page 193 and 194: 1991). This imposes the need of new
Page 195 and 196: The crop weeds occurrence (mainly w
Page 197 and 198: formation in the variant fertilized
Page 199 and 200: gypsum from Sero-Cleaning Installat
Page 201 and 202: DepthcmTable 1. Water soluble salts
Page 203 and 204: egulation in mixed filling of ashes
Page 205 and 206: The aim of this paper is to use the
Page 207 and 208: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONPreliminary e
Page 209 and 210: M1 T1 A B T2 A BM2 T1 A B T2 A BM3
Page 211 and 212: As one can see in figure 4, the hig
Page 213 and 214: STUDIES ON IMMOBILIZATION OF CELLUL
Page 215 and 216: Total immobilizatedprotein (%)80706
Page 217 and 218: PHYTOREMEDIATION OF LEAD CONTAMINAT
Page 219 and 220: are placed through holes in the gro
Page 221 and 222: To highlight phyto-remediation test
Page 223 and 224: • The leaves have different abili
Page 225 and 226: include xylanase, endoxylanase, 1,4
Page 227 and 228: In Taguchi technique, the variation
Page 229: REFERENCES1.Amita, R.S., Shah, R.K.
Page 233 and 234: • Quantitative determination of s
Page 235 and 236: Antioxidant activityDPPH- Free radi
Page 237 and 238: quantitative determination of the f
Page 239 and 240: ANTIOXIDANT BIOPRODUCT WITHIMMUNOMO
Page 241 and 242: evaluations of the specific physica
Page 243 and 244: TNF-α (pg/ml)100090080070060050040
Page 245 and 246: THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF VITICUL
Page 247 and 248: hydrocarbon components such as benz
Page 249 and 250: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe wine indu
Page 251 and 252: CONCLUSIONIt takes 16 months under
Page 253 and 254: VANILLIN RELEASE FROM AGAR MICROCAP
Page 255 and 256: only considering that an amount of
Page 257 and 258: Fig 4. Surface vanillin (SV) versus
Page 259 and 260: containing pumpkin extracts (1 ml/l
Page 261 and 262: Table1 Effect of different types of
Page 263 and 264: Table 3. Acclimatization of А. mon
Page 265 and 266: SECTION V: FOOD SAFETYSENSORY ANALY
Page 267 and 268: Depending on the product analysed,
Page 269 and 270: Sensory analysis for organic versus
Page 271 and 272: organic sample), colour (3,85 compa
Page 273 and 274: Fig. 1.7. Organic (QAF) versus conv
Page 275 and 276: CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ENZ
Page 277 and 278: determined in order to establish th
Page 279 and 280: 3,53log N (N = NTG/g apple slices)2
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a - control; b - apple slices spray
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DETERMINATION OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKER
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Tabel 1. Characteristics of experim
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The maximmal value has been recorde
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Fig 3. Sensors responses for sample
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE METHODS USED TO
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After the sample extraction, the se
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REFERENCES1. Bosset, J. O., Jeangro
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CASE STUDY - METHODS AND FILM PACKA
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Backbone Solution that provides bas
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85 X 55 MM (CREDIT CARD SIZE) OR SM
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the exposing of the entire range of
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REFERENCES1. Agency - March 2002 -
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keep the value of sensory and nutri
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Material exposure to UV radiation w
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Fig. 6. Influence of UV duration on
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Table 3.4. The influence of PEF + U
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SECTION VI: MISCELLANEOUSCOMPUTERIZ
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The computer measures the encasing
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measurements bulletin is typed by t
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5. CONCLUSIONSThe implementation of
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• the knowledge and the informati
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The Agri-Food KMP will be extended,
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REFERENCES1. Abell, A. A. and Oxbro
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quicker translocation of the raw sa
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with X1 [ a,b]such that M ( θ )( )
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as it leads us in the right directi
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