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the variants of 6% and 9% of inoculum (v/w) with insignificant differencesbetween them.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work was supported by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Researchthrough the Research and Development Project no. 51-002/2007, in the frame-workof the 4 th National Programme – Partnership in priority domains.REFERENCES1. Altieri, M.A. (1995). Agroecology: the science of sustainable agriculture. Westview Press, Boulder.2. Carlile, M.J., Watkinson, S.C. (1996): Fungi and biotechnology. In: Carlile MJ, Watkinson SC,editors, The Fungi. London: Academic Press.3. Gliessman, S.R. (1998): Agroecology: ecological process in sustainable agriculture. Ann ArborPress,4. Lamar, R.T., Glaser, J.A., Kirk, T.K. (1992) White rot fungi in the treatment of hazardous chemicalsand wastes. In: Leatham, G.F. (ed.), Frontiers in industrial mycology, Chapman & Hall, New York.5. Leahy, J.G., Colwell, R.R., (1990): Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons in the Environment,Microbial Rev., 54:305 – 3156. Moser, A. (1994): Sustainable biotechnology development: from high-tech to eco-tech. ActaBiotechnology, 12:2-67. Moo-Young, M. (1993): Fermentation of cellulose materials to mycoprotein foods, Biotechnol.Adv., vol. 11, 3:469-482.8. Petre, M., Petre, V. (2008): Environmental biotechnology to produce edible mushrooms byrecycling the winery and vineyard wastes. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 9(1):87-979. Petre, M., Teodorescu, A. (2009): Biotechnology for in vitro growing of edible and medicinalmushrooms on wood wastes, Ann. For. Res., 52:129-13610. Petre, M., Teodorescu, A., Bejan, C., Tuluca, E., Andronescu, A. (<strong>2010</strong>): Biotechnology ofmushroom pellets producing by controlled submerged fermentation, Rom. Biotechnol. Lett., 15(2):50-5611. Stamets, P. (1993): Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. Ten Speed Press, p. 554 -56012. Verstraete, W., Top, E. (1992): Holistic Environmental Biotechnology, Cambridge Univ. Press.13. Wainwright, M. (1992): An Introduction to Fungal Biotechnology. Wiley, Chichester.14. Zarnea, G. (1994): Tratat de microbiologie generala, vol 5, Ed. Academiei, Bucuresti.84
DORMANCY OF SEEDS AND HIS IMPORTANCE FOR WINTERWHEAT CROPSMATILDA POPESCU*Central Laboratory for Quality of Seeds BucharestABSTRACTThe movement of water into harvest-ripe grains of dormant and non-dormant genotypes ofwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated using observation methods and analysis ofclimacterically data of regions of crops wherefrom the samples were taken. Observation of the grainwere collected at intervals after the start of ISTA – germination method and used to reconstruct apicture of the different grain tissues and changes over time. In closely related genotypes, with either adormant or a non-dormant phenotype, neither the rate of increase in water content nor the pattern ofwater distribution within the grain was significantly different until 18 h, when germination becameapparent in the non-dormant genotype. Water entered the embryo and scutellum during the very earlystages of imbibition through the micropyle and by 2 h water was clearly evident in the micropylechannel. After 12 h of imbibition, embryo structures such as the coleoptile and radicle were clearlydistinguished. Although water accumulated between the inner (seed coat) and outer (pericarp) layersof the coat surrounding the grain, there was no evidence for movement of water directly across thecoat and into the underlying starchy endosperm. By analyses of germination of five varieties ofwinter wheat into laboratory, it could be observed that one variety is going to start germinationearlier than others, in constant climacteric values of temperatures and rain during the harvestseason, but, could be noticed that during the years with alternates values of temperatures and rainsduring the ripening time, could be observed different reactions of genotypes to dormancy ofgermination and head sprouting into the head before harvesting. The best germination have beenobserved by Dropia variety (92%) and the last place among analyzed varieties have been taken byDor variety (83%). To the Crina variety, where have been founded 7% of sprouting seeds into thesamples, has as laboratory results a germination of 88%, which confirm that the sprouting seedscould produce normal germs during ISTA germination test into laboratory.Keywords: Dormancy, germination, Triticum aestivum, water, winter wheatINTRODUCTIONThe movement of water into ripe and dry grains is a critical step ingermination, preharvest sprouting, expression of dormancy, and processes such asconditioning for optimum milling performance. Imbibing and maintaining grainsunder warm, moist conditions is the only means of determining the dormancy orgerminability of wheat grains. Variation in the rate or the pathway of watermovement may affect measurement of the dormancy phenotype and might also beinvolved in the dormancy mechanism. Preharvest sprouting, or the germination ofgrain in the spike, can occur prior to harvest maturity if the crop is exposed to wet,humid conditions. The majority of wheat-growing climates throughout the worldexperience rain during harvest, which can result in sprouted grain and a loss of85
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMICAL SCIENCES
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEProf. Dr. Petru
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CONTENTSECTION I: AGRICULTURAL BIOT
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SECTION IV: INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONM
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Proceeding of the 3 rd Internationa
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All the biological material (positi
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At harvesting, symptoms could be in
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Necrotic Disease (PTRND) induced by
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Eppendorfer, W., H., Eggum, B.,O.,
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Now Lamium genus from Lamiaceae fam
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extracts and rutin, hyperoside, chl
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Figure 3. Scavenging activity on DP
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CO-TRANSFORMATION OF POTATO (SOLANU
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transferred OCI and OCII genes were
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correspond to co-transformation fre
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EXPERIMENTS ON LASER RADIATION INFL
Page 33 and 34: formations. The average percentage
Page 35 and 36: Legend: Variants: V1 (5 minutes of
Page 37 and 38: We thank our partners at 4R OPTICS
Page 39 and 40: Regarding superior plants they are
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 2. The mechanism of the abscis
Page 43 and 44: In figure 3 it is presented the bio
Page 45 and 46: In the same time it has been proved
Page 47 and 48: egenerative lines of alfalfa, Wan e
Page 49 and 50: demonstrated direct regeneration fr
Page 51 and 52: (Knoll et al. 1997, Zhang and Zeeva
Page 53 and 54: the mean ± standard error. Six sam
Page 55 and 56: IMPACT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON SPINACH RE
Page 57 and 58: etween SD and LD response of the sa
Page 59 and 60: GA 3 plays an important role in spi
Page 61 and 62: INFLUENCE OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (P
Page 63 and 64: enriched with 20 g / l sucrose, 8g
Page 65 and 66: If we compare the two varieties Roc
Page 67 and 68: For Roclas cultivar, the highest nu
Page 69 and 70: RESEARCH ON THE AVERAGE NUMBER OFPO
Page 71 and 72: two weeks before the harvest, were
Page 73 and 74: from minitubersfrom plantlets8.637.
Page 75 and 76: If biological material influences t
Page 77 and 78: BIOTECHNOLOGY OF ORGANIC CULTIVATIO
Page 79 and 80: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAccording to
Page 81 and 82: nitrogen sources, barley bran was t
Page 83: In figure 5 the effects of inoculum
Page 87 and 88: Dor. Large samples of grain were ha
Page 89 and 90: Precip.23.06.200524.06.200525.06.20
Page 91 and 92: certificates technologies. In the o
Page 93 and 94: PROBLEMS RELATED TO RECULTIVATION O
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 2 - Density of tests making in
Page 97 and 98: The analysis made of the conditions
Page 99 and 100: The mixtures are intense dynamic bi
Page 101 and 102: Mixed growing of wintering pea and
Page 103 and 104: RHODIOLA ROSEA L. IN VITRO CULTURES
Page 105 and 106: from Rila Mountain National Park of
Page 107 and 108: In vitro seed germination and devel
Page 109 and 110: Along with rhizogenesis, shoot form
Page 111 and 112: 4. Ganzera, M., Yayla, Y., Khan, I.
Page 113 and 114: 1994), while timentin stimulated mo
Page 115 and 116: 1 and 2.5 mg/l hyg were not necroti
Page 117 and 118: Nevertheless, we suggest stepwise i
Page 119 and 120: SECTION II: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN VETERI
Page 121 and 122: The young pigs were fed in accordan
Page 123 and 124: LЕ39,8344,06100,25LЕ29,7944,793,6
Page 125 and 126: During the digestibility test daily
Page 127 and 128: - The use of fodder per unit of liv
Page 129 and 130: Table 1- The observational data for
Page 131 and 132: Having arranged the treatment means
Page 133 and 134: difference between them is 0,78 and
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processes that occur during the win
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hundreds of fermenting experiences
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In the case of spontaneous malolact
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With enzymeNo enzymesAstringencyRou
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RESEARCHES ON THE BIOTECHNOLOGY POS
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from Merlot grapes, with 224 g / l
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lasted 12 days, while the variants
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case of the produces fermentation.
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itself a protective factor against
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPO
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Sample witness Thiamine Magnesium s
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Both the vitamines (thiamine) and t
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This reaction takes place inside th
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Sample witness Glycerol 2.5% Glycer
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The intensity of the connection can
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HIGH NUTRITIVE BIOMASS OF EDIBLE AN
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According to the purpose of this wo
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Experiments were carried out in thr
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Table 5. The sugar and total nitrog
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STUDY OF THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN G
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The analyzed wheat was characterize
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The lack of a significant relations
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(phenotypically influenced) and glu
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DP700 integrator was used. Compound
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Of the esters were identified:•2-
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Table 4 - Concentration of terpenes
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SECTION IV: INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONM
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Table 2. Variation of the compositi
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YoghurtAcerbityFresh butterVerdantF
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1991). This imposes the need of new
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The crop weeds occurrence (mainly w
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formation in the variant fertilized
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gypsum from Sero-Cleaning Installat
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DepthcmTable 1. Water soluble salts
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egulation in mixed filling of ashes
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The aim of this paper is to use the
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONPreliminary e
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M1 T1 A B T2 A BM2 T1 A B T2 A BM3
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As one can see in figure 4, the hig
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STUDIES ON IMMOBILIZATION OF CELLUL
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Total immobilizatedprotein (%)80706
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PHYTOREMEDIATION OF LEAD CONTAMINAT
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are placed through holes in the gro
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To highlight phyto-remediation test
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• The leaves have different abili
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include xylanase, endoxylanase, 1,4
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In Taguchi technique, the variation
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REFERENCES1.Amita, R.S., Shah, R.K.
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molecules, such as proteins, DNA, a
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• Quantitative determination of s
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Antioxidant activityDPPH- Free radi
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quantitative determination of the f
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ANTIOXIDANT BIOPRODUCT WITHIMMUNOMO
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evaluations of the specific physica
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TNF-α (pg/ml)100090080070060050040
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THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF VITICUL
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hydrocarbon components such as benz
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe wine indu
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CONCLUSIONIt takes 16 months under
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VANILLIN RELEASE FROM AGAR MICROCAP
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only considering that an amount of
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Fig 4. Surface vanillin (SV) versus
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containing pumpkin extracts (1 ml/l
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Table1 Effect of different types of
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Table 3. Acclimatization of А. mon
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SECTION V: FOOD SAFETYSENSORY ANALY
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Depending on the product analysed,
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Sensory analysis for organic versus
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organic sample), colour (3,85 compa
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Fig. 1.7. Organic (QAF) versus conv
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CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ENZ
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determined in order to establish th
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3,53log N (N = NTG/g apple slices)2
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a - control; b - apple slices spray
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DETERMINATION OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKER
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Tabel 1. Characteristics of experim
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The maximmal value has been recorde
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Fig 3. Sensors responses for sample
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE METHODS USED TO
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After the sample extraction, the se
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REFERENCES1. Bosset, J. O., Jeangro
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CASE STUDY - METHODS AND FILM PACKA
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Backbone Solution that provides bas
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85 X 55 MM (CREDIT CARD SIZE) OR SM
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the exposing of the entire range of
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REFERENCES1. Agency - March 2002 -
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keep the value of sensory and nutri
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Material exposure to UV radiation w
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Fig. 6. Influence of UV duration on
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Table 3.4. The influence of PEF + U
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SECTION VI: MISCELLANEOUSCOMPUTERIZ
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The computer measures the encasing
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measurements bulletin is typed by t
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5. CONCLUSIONSThe implementation of
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• the knowledge and the informati
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The Agri-Food KMP will be extended,
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REFERENCES1. Abell, A. A. and Oxbro
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quicker translocation of the raw sa
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with X1 [ a,b]such that M ( θ )( )
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as it leads us in the right directi
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