Proceedings Volume 2010 (format .pdf) - SimpBTH

Layerdepthin cmreclaimed soils are deprived of valuable agronomic structures of natural soils,which are created by decades. Until then it must be performed by soil treatment.Due to heavy mechanical composition, clays are susceptible to compaction and thevolume of the bulk density of the soil substrates is too high. The soil treatmentsreduce these values, but for more permanent loosening a period of several years isneeded.Improving the structure of soil substrates also leads to lower values of thebulk density. It was observed a trend for soil loosening in introducing siderate cropresidues and including gypsum from SCI.In the past 10-15 years a big problem, attended biological reclamation isrelatively intensive climate aridization, which leads to inability of successfullygrowing of a number of traditional for the area spring crops. Table 1 shows data ofsoil water reserves for the three years of test conducting on the technology fornonhumus reclamation. Except for 2002 the summer droughts are quite perceptive,in 2000 for the months July and August there is no receipt of rainfall water, as thewater reserve in 0-80 cm layer is about 1.5 times smaller than that in May 2002(Table 1).96Table 1. Water reserve ( lt ) in the layer up to 80 cm of the soils substratesVariations of soil substratesVariations of soil substrates1 2 3 4 1 2 3 42000 20020 –10 15 13 12 10 27 23 23 1910 – 21 18 20 16 30 30 29 232020 – 23 17 19 20 32 32 33 253030 – 25 22 21 22 31 31 29 254040 – 54 52 52 50 62 63 60 476060 – 51 54 55 52 64 63 65 4880Сума 189 176 179 171 245 242 239 186Changed climatic conditions require development of a new structure of thecrops used for reclamation. Prolonged summer drought many years upset thesunflower crop, which is considered as a drought resistant crop. It is necessary tostudy the possibilities for growing profitable crops which to be included in sowingcirculationwith winter cereal crop growing almost as a monoculture. Such cropsare coriander, rape, winter pea, chickpeas, etc. They use autumn-winter soilmoisture reserves and ensure sustainable production.