Proceedings Volume 2010 (format .pdf) - SimpBTH

INFLUENCE OF MIXED GROWING PEA AND TRITICUM-SECALE ONTHE DEVELOPMENT OF ROOT SYSTEM, TUBER-FORMATION ANDTHE AMOUNT OF PLANT RESIDUES FOR IMPROVING SOILFERTILITY1 Shumen University “Ep.K.Preslavski, e-mail:rajkov_svilen@abv.bgSVILEN RAYKOV 1ABSTRACTThe mixtures are intense dynamic biological systems. Various factors as the ratio of thecomponents and emerging relationships between them, growing conditions, timing of sowing andothers exert influence on their development and effective functioning.The experimental work was conducted during 2006-2009 in EFC-Pleven. The wintering peafrom Mir kind and the triticum secale from Vihren kind are used. Two field tests have been made (onthe method of fractional plots and the chessmethod). The period of sowing and sowing rate ratio inmixed growing of wintering pea and triticum secale influence the development of the root mass, thetuber formation and the quantity of post-harvest residues.The mixed seed sown in the period 25-30 October, which corresponds to the maximumformation of post-harvest residues (1913.3 kg / ha) has the most weight of the root system (6.69 g).As regard the tuber-formation the optimum sowing is in the period 10-15 October (36.7 number oftubers / plant). Later sowing periods are characterized by high nitrogen and carbon content of thesoil, determined by the larger quantity of root and post-harvest residues.Most favorable conditions for development of mixed agro-phytocenoses are created at aratio of pea: triticum-secale 60:40 and 50:50 - respectively formed 1070.1 and 885.1 kg / ha postharvestresidues. Increasing the share participation of legume component (70:30 and 80:20) in thesowing rate at the expense of cereals leads to decreasing the values of the above-mentioned index byon average 56.4 and 40.3%. Notwithstanding the different ratio of cereal and legume component inthe sowing rate, the grain component develops better than legumes. The quantity of post-harvestresidues and weight of the root mass in triticum secale is higher than this of pea on average with121.4 and 311.4%.Key words: mixed growing, pea, triticum-secale, root system, tuber formation, soil fertilityGrowing annual crops in a mixture has many advantages over individualcrops and is important for the development of modern agriculture and livestock.Participation of plants with different morphological structure and arrangement ofbodies creates conditions for the formation of a dense grass composition, betterutilization of environmental factors and sowing as the system functions moreactively. Therefore the mixtures are usually more highly productive than individualcrops. Very important is the interaction of plants of the various groups. Legumecrops through the root system help the wheat providing them nitrogen through thenitrogen fixation. Thus the wheat plants grow better. After harvesting the mixtures6-8 kg / da nitrogen remained in the soil which is used by subsequent crops inrotation (Kostov and Pavlov, 1999).98