Proceedings Volume 2010 (format .pdf) - SimpBTH

T 4 ploughing at the depthT 5 ploughing at the depth18 – 22 cm30 – 35 cmThe experiment was set in 2002 and is made for the period of four years.The processing is carried out in October with a tractor Class 1.3 Zetor. In looseningvariant the shallow loosening tool is used, so the depth is 12-15 cm, but the soil isonly made friable without to overturn the soil layer. In other variants of soilprocessing the layer turns with a plow, as the control is the proposed in theconventional technology for growing alfalfa for fodder in areas with heavily weeds(Mamarova, Naydenov et al., 1987) at a depth of 22-24 cm with followingploughing of 28-30 cm after 20-25 days. We preferred the ploughing of 22-24 cm,as there was the variant for deeper processing of 30-35 cm. After processing thefertilization with one soil cultivation is performed. Followed strong lowtemperatures in the winter helped to homogenize the soil as regard to the structurein the spring.The soil before-sowing processing includes cultivation has taken place anda rolling. Sowing is done in propagation norm 22 kg / ha. The area is rolled beforesowing and after sowing the seeds. The prolonged spring drought had the negativeimpact, which severely affected the germination and further vegetation of plants.The average rainfall in May was 74.5 mm, in June - 12.8 mm, the averagemaximum monthly temperature for these months respectively was 26.9 0 С and29.4 0 С.Only mechanical method is used for weed control - to determine influenceof the factors soil processing and mineral fertilization.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe alfalfa realizes maximum its biological potential only in the absence ofthe competitive weeds impact. In this aspect the soil processing and fertilization areessential.The area before processing was mainly with cereal weeds - Johnsongrass(S. halepense). It was accounted the weeds appearance over the biologicalthreshold of harmfulness with a Johnsongrass (S. halepense), Cat greenbriar (S.glauca), common pigweed (A. retroflexus) and horseradish (P. lapatifolia L.)Table 2. Influence of the soil processing of the alfalfa sowing weeds occurrenceSoil processingcmWeeds biomasskg/daAlfalfa yield kg/da Correlation weedbiomass / Alfalfa %Loosening 12-15 156 2145,4 7,27Ploughing 12-15 168 1650,4 10,18Ploughing 22-24 140 2029,0 6,90Ploughing 18-22 176 1905,0 9,24Ploughing 30-35 188 1900,0 9,89194