280218_Luxor-Egypt SECAP Final_revised

monuments.
Also, the west bank is rich with heritage sites and tourist visits, i.e., Valley of the Kings and Queens,
Hatshepsut Temple, Memnon Colossi and its environment, and Habu Temples. All visiting tourists arrive in
busses, microbuses or coasters with an average peak visit rate of 4,000 vehicles (during the day before
2011). The problem lies with the awaiting vehicles outside heritage sites. The vibration and emissions
(operating air conditioner) produced by the vehicles hold danger to the heritage sites and monuments.
a. New Luxor Bridge, with view to the urban sprawl b. Unlicensed vehicles
- Electricity Problems
Image 6: SECAP sectors - Transportation problems
The Kings Valley and the mountain and Hatshepsut temple is a working archaeological excavation of
gigantic size, one of the largest historical necropolis and the most important in the World. It hides tombs
and treasures far much more beyond it reveals. Therefore, electric cables for the lighting system cannot
be deeply buried, just 10 cm underneath the ground level, easily exposed and eroded. The long operation
hours for lighting, almost one hour or more before the sunset, are further burdened by the use of sodium
lamps that need long time to reach to their accepted tones.
The main problem is in the redundant system to light the Kings Valley’s tombs and the lower part of the
mountain using two fossil fuel generators. The first is 160 kW and the second is 150 kW. These generators
elicit many emissions and vibrations.
There is no plan to manage electricity supply and design lighting on the mountain and the archaeological
site causing great waste in consumed energy and visual pollution.
- Environmental Problems
Increased uncontrolled, nor planned, urban and rural development alter land use and intensify the causes
for carbon emissions, as well as increased cattle breading and inefficient agricultural waste collection
increase the GHG emissions; all these are affecting air quality and are responsible for visual and all types
of pollution.
a. Tons of agriculture waste collected and burned b. Cattle: methane from manure and visual pollution
Image 7: SECAP sectors - Environmental problems
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