Rezümékötet 2008. - vmtdk

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116 T Á R S A D A L O M T U D O M Á N Y O K FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FOR PERSONS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE THIRD COUNTRIES Author: Katinka BERETKA final year student Supervisor: dr Ágnes KARTAG-ODRI associate professor Institution: Faculty of Law, Novi Sad Hungarian College for Higher Education in Vojvodina When the European Community was established in 1957, the free movement of persons was privilege only of the allotted subjects of the EEC i.e. in case of their employment in another member state. Nowadays this principle has spread to all EU citizens and whit limited effects to third country nationals. Accordingly, the basic guideline of my paper is the implementation of the principle of freedom of movement of third country nationals which decisively defines their legal status. Looking at the sources of law and the subjects responsible for legal regulation we have to take account of the exclusive law-maker role of the European Community in the current, three-pillar structure of the EU. This legislative competence has derivative character which means that the member states have transferred some of their competences to the Community. This competence at first did not include immigration, asylum and other policies related to free movement of persons (we deal with the last one); it was only after the adoption of the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, when these issues were transferred from the third pillar into the first. This is of utmost importance, because this „basic freedom” has been coming a long way considering its history. The present research covers its development, the expending of its effects and its enforcement, which could be seen trough the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. After Hungary’s joining the EU the position of the Hungarian minority in Voivodina has changed. Being Serbian nationals their legal status is limited by community law on the territory of the EU. This is one the reasons why so many people hope for political and economical improvement of Serbia which can solve this problem, but today we can not talk about definitive solution. Keywords: freedom of movement of persons, third country nationals, Hungary V I I . V A J D A S Á G I M A G Y A R T U D O M Á
T Á R S A D A L O M T U D O M Á N Y O K SLOBODA KRETANJA LJUDI U ODNOSIMA EVROPSKE UNIJE I TREÆIH ZEMALJA Autor: Katinka BERETKA apsolvent Mentor: dr Agneš KARTAG-ODRI vanredni profesor Institucija: Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu Kolegijum za visoko obrazovanje vojvoðanskih Maðara U poèetku je sloboda kretanja bila privilegija samo odreðene kategorije lica u Evropskoj zajednici prilikom zasnivanja radnog odnosa u drugoj državi èlanici. Danas se ovo naèelo veæ proširilo na sve graðane Unije – i sa ogranièenim dejstvom na državljane treæih zemalja. Osnovno pitanje koje se istražuje u ovom radu je ostvarivanje slobode kretanja državljana treæih zemalja, s obzirom na to da ona suštinski odreðuje njihov pravni status. Ako posmatramo pravne izvore i subjekte ovlašæene za regulisanje ovih pitanja, moramo imati u vidu iskljuèivu legislativnu kompetenciju Evropskih Zajednica u sadašnjoj stukturi EU koja se oslanja na tri stuba. Zajednica ima derivativnu legislativnu kompetenciju, koja znaèi da su se države èlanice odrekle pojedinih svojih prava u korist Zajednice. Ova kompetencija nije obuhvatala pitanja useljavanja, azila i druge politike vezane za slobodu kretanja ljudi (kojom temom se bavimo), nego su ova pitanja tek posle usvajanja Amsterdamskog ugovora (1997) premeštena u delokrug Zajednice (iz treæeg stuba u prvi). Navedena osnovna sloboda prešla je dug put dok nije stigla do sadašnjeg stepena razvoja. U ovom istraživanju posebno smo se bavili razvojem slobode kretanja državljana treæih zemalja, proširivanjem dejstva ove slobode i ostvarivanjem u praksi koju ilustruje praksa Suda Zajednica. Pravni status državljana Srbije na teritoriji Unije ogrananièen je pravilima Zajednice, zato su se nakon pridruživanja Maðarske Uniji postavila odreðena pitanja vezana i za položaj vojvoðanskih Maðara. Mnogi se nadaju da ovaj problem nestaje unapreðivanjem Srbije u politièkom, ekonomskom smislu, ali ni danas ne možemo još govoriti o konaènom rešenju. Kljuène reèi: sloboda kretanja ljudi, državljani treæih zemalja, Maðarska N Y O S D I Á K K Ö R I K O N F E R E N C I A 117
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