Rezümékötet 2008. - vmtdk

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T Á R S A D A L O M T U D O M Á N Y O K
THE SPREAD OF SMOKING AND ITS ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDS
IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN
Author: Zoltán BÁLÓ 4 th year student
Supervisor: Orsolya LAJKÓ
Institution: University of Szeged, Faculty of Arts, Department of Archeology, Szeged
My study deals with the history of smoking, with special emphasis on the history of smoking pipes, from the beginnings
up to the 18 th century. The work presents various types of pipes based on archeological finds from the 16 th to
the 18 th century. The essay introduces the different attitudes of European countries towards smoking, and describes
the struggle of monarchs against the „devilish fume” throughout laws and regulates. In those countries where the economical
benefits of smoking had been discovered besides its drawbacks and disadvantages, huge pipe-making manufactures
were established.
The spread of smoking pipes also involved the increase of pipe-making workshops, therefore many guilds, marking
their products with their own „master sign”, specialized for producing pipes. Despite the fact that pipe-making
was considered to be a secret, known by only those craftsmen who were members of a guild, my work provides an opportunity
to learn about everyday life of pipe-making guilds, also revealing the secrets of pipe-making.
Based on the finds of two museums in Délvidék (Zenta and Szabadka), the essay presents the most prevailing shapes
and decorations of pipes from an archeological point of view. Without a chronological ranking of finds the dating
of archeological sites would be impossible. Inquiries made before had not been successful enough in producing a
substantial typological ranking; therefore I made an effort to create one with the use of relevant secondary literature
and known finds.
A controversy in relation to smoking pipes in the Carpathian basin is related to the direction it spread. Besides
the examined finds, the ostensible influence of the Ottoman culture on the territory also proves that the direction of
spreading was northward (from south to north) and not westward (from west to east).
Keywords: beginning of smoking, discovery of America, spread of smoking pipes, prohibitory laws, pipe-making workshops,
type of pipes
V I I . V A J D A S Á G I M A G Y A R T U D O M Á