Army Emergency Management Program - Federation of American ...

Incident Management System (NIMS) established by Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) 5 and the
National Preparedness System established by Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) 8. This publication shall detail
compliance intent, requirements, milestones, and any authorized deviations from published National policy. For
consistency and as a matter of practice, the guidelines set forth in NIMS will be implemented to the greatest extent
possible at all Army installations outside the United States (OCONUS) . See chapter 8 for NIMS implementation
guidance.
e. National Response Framework implementation. Adopt and implement procedures consistent with the NRF within
the United States through the development, implementation, and sustainment of the Army EM Program detailed in this
publication. For consistency and as a matter of practice, the guidelines set forth in the NRF will be implemented to the
greatest extent possible at all Army installations OCONUS.
f. Approach. Employ an all-hazards approach that balances risk management (hazard, threat, vulnerability, conseq
u e n c e , a n d c a p a b i l i t y ) w i t h r e s o u r c e s a n d r e q u i r e m e n t s u s i n g a t i e r e d a n d p h a s e d a p p r o a c h t o p r o g r a m
implementation.
g. Nonmilitary-unique operations. Per DODI 6055.17 and the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear,
Chemical, and Biological Defense memorandum dated, 19 December 2003, all installation EM capabilities, functions,
and tasks are nonmilitary-unique in nature and may not claim exemption from applicable Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) regulations under 29 CFR 1960.2(i). This determination requires compliance with all
applicable OSHA and applicable National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) guidelines under 29
CFR 1960.34(b)(1) and AR 385–10. The capabilities, functions, and tasks may be performed by uniformed, civilian,
and/or contract personnel and shall employ the same training and equipment standards and procedures across all user
groups.
1–12. Framework
a. Concept. There are five phases of EM: preparedness, mitigation, prevention, response, and recovery. Installation
commanders discharge their EM responsibilities by executing these five interrelated actions. A systematic approach is
to treat each action as one phase of a comprehensive process, with each phase building on the accomplishments of the
preceding one. The overall goal is to minimize the impact caused by an emergency in the jurisdiction. The emerging
requirements for comprehensive, integrated EM capabilities at the installation level is a result of years of change,
growth, and increasing complexity. Jurisdictions have grown increasingly interdependent on infrastructure, utilities, and
services; populations have expanded into traditional hazard-prone geographic areas; limited natural, social, and economic
resources have been increasingly spread across a rapidly expanding user community with disproportionate
investment in restoring, reusing, and managing these resources; and the growth of these interdependent communities
have increased the reliance of specific populations on the overarching capabilities and services provided by the
community as a whole.
b. Preparedness (see chaps 4–15). Preparedness includes all activities, tasks, programs, and systems developed and
implemented prior to an emergency that are used to support the prevention of, mitigation of, response to, and recovery
from emergencies. While prevention and mitigation may make communities safer, it does not eliminate risk and
vulnerability for all potential hazards. Jurisdictions must be ready to manage emergencies that have not been either
prevented or mitigated away. Since emergencies often evolve rapidly and become quite complex, installation commanders
successfully discharge their EM responsibilities by taking certain actions before the incident occurs. During
the preparedness phase, the process of identifying the protected populace (see chap 4), conducting a comprehensive,
all-hazards risk management process (see chap 5), identifying the resources available to protect the populace from all
identified hazards and the associated resource gaps (see chap 5), and then acting to fill the gaps identified in both
resources and expertise (see chaps 6–15) are the key steps taken by an effective EM program. Preparedness includes
establishing authorities and responsibilities for emergency actions and garnering the resources to support them.
Installation commanders must assign appropriate EM duties and provide facilities, equipment, and other resources for
carrying out assigned duties. These duties are not solely limited to the responder community, but must engage the
entire Army community. A critical component of these preparedness activities is the development of a resilient Army
community and a culture of preparedness through implementation of the Ready Army initiative, which is focused on
comprehensive, all-hazards community preparedness. This investment in establishing and maintaining an EM program
requires proper resourcing, maintenance, and sustainment. All personnel must receive proper training and the facilities
and equipment must be maintained in working order. An exercise program must be implemented in order to ensure that
the installation commander’s investment in EM personnel and resources can be relied upon when needed. Consideration
also must be given to reducing or eliminating the vulnerability of the installation response and recovery
organizations and resources to the hazards that threaten the jurisdiction. A key element of preparedness is the
development of a comprehensive, integrated, all-hazards installation EM plan which links the many aspects of a
jurisdiction’s commitment to EM.
c. Mitigation (see chap 16). Mitigation includes those activities taken to reduce the severity or consequences of an
emergency. These activities involve lasting, often permanent, reduction of exposure to, probability of, or potential loss
from identified hazards. Mitigation activities tend to focus on where and how to build. Mitigation measures include the
use of modeling and simulation tools to evaluate potential mitigation strategies. Mitigation examples include: zoning
DA PAM 525–27 20 September 2012
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