4.3.1 Sintesi e raccomandazioni - Biblioteca Medica

5.3.3. Bibliografia
1. American Urological Association. Guideline on the management of benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH), 2003. www.auanet.org/timssnet/products/guidelines/
bph_management, accesso 24 maggio 2003
2. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M et al. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary
tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International
Continence Society. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 2002: 21, 167-178
3. de la Rosette J, Alivizatos G, Madersbacher S, Rioja Sanz C, Nordling J, Emberton M:
EAU Guidelines on benign prostatic hyperplasia, 2002 Update February
4. Roehrborn CG: Accurate determination of prostate size via digital rectal examination and
transrectal ultrasound. Urology,1998: Apr 51(4° Suppl),19-22
5. Roehborn CG, Sech S, Montoya J, Rhodes T,and Girman CJ: Interxaminer reliability and
validity of a three-dimensional model to assess prostate volume by digital rectal
examination. Urology, 2001: Jun 57(6),1087-92
6. Potter SR,Horniger W,Tinzl M,Bartsch G,Partin :Age,prostate-specific antigen and digital
rectal examination as determinants of the probability of having prostate cancer Urology,
2001:57,1100-1104
7. Vis AN,Hedemaeker RF,van der Kwast Th,Schroder FH: Defining the window of
opportunity in screening for prostate cancer validation of a predictive tumor classification
model. Prostate, 2001:46,154-162
8. Shroder FH,Roobol-Bouts M,Vis AN,van der Kwast T,Kranse R:Prostate specific antigen
based early detection of prostate cancer validation of screening without rectal
examination.Urology, 2001:57,83-90
9. Collins MM, Stafford RS, O’Leary MP, Barry MJ: Distinguishing chronic prostatitis and
benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms: results of a national survey of physician visits.
Urology, 1999: May,53(5),921-5.
5.4. Esame urine
Nonostante vi siano pochi e datati lavori sull’utilità dell’esame delle urine nella valutazione
del paziente con LUTS/IPB, esso è considerato raccomandato da tutte le linee guida
pubblicate [1-6]. Anche l’indagine conoscitiva della pratica clinica corrente italiana ha dimostrato
come sia ritenuto essenziale: il 94% delle figure professionali del “gruppo campione”
ritiene necessario eseguire sempre un esame completo delle urine (VEDI APPENDICE 9.8).
In conclusione essendo dotato di alta sensibilità, ma bassa specificità, consente di ipotizzare
diverse patologie concomitanti quali il carcinoma vescicale, le infezione delle vie urinarie,
113