Smith's Bible Dictionary.pdf - Online Christian Library

Smith's Bible Dictionary
their admission to the faith. The proselyte was placed in a tank or pool up to his neck in water.
His teachers, who now acted as his sponsors, repeated the great commandments of the law. The
baptism was followed as long as the temple stood, by the offering or corban.
Proverbs, Book Of
The title of this book in Hebrew is taken from its first word, mashal, which originally meant
“a comparison.” It is sometimes translated parable, sometimes proverb as here. The superscriptions
which are affixed to several portions of the book, in chs. (Proverbs 1:1; 10:1; 25:1) attribute the
authorship of those portions to Solomon the son of David, king of Israel. With the exception of the
last two chapters, which are distinctly assigned to other author it is probable that the statement of
the superscriptions is in the main correct, and that the majority of the proverbs contained in the
book were uttered or collected by Solomon. Speaking roughly, the book consists of three main
divisions, with two appendices:—
•Chs. 1-9 form a connected didactic Wisdom is praised and the youth exhorted to devote himself
to her. This portion is preceded by an introduction and title describing the character and general
aim of the book.
•Chs. 10-24 with the title “The Proverbs of Solomon,” consist of three parts: (Proverbs 10:1-22;
Proverbs 10:16) a collection of single proverbs and detached sentences out of the region of moral
teaching and worldly prudence; (Proverbs 22:17-24; Proverbs 22:21) a more connected didactic
poem, with an introduction, (Proverbs 22:17-22) which contains precepts of righteousness and
prudence; (Proverbs 24:23-34) with the inscription “These also belong to the wise,” a collection
of unconnected maxims, which serve as an appendix to the preceding. Then follows the third
division chs. 25-29, which, according to the superscription, professes to be collection of Solomon’s
proverbs, consisting of single sentences, which the men of the court of Hezekiah copied out. The
first appendix, ch. 30, “The words of Agur the son of Jakeh,” is a collection of partly proverbial
and partly enigmatical sayings; the second, ch. 31, is divided into two parts, “The words of King
Lemuel,” vs. 1-6, and an alphabetical acrostic in praise of a virtuous woman, which occupies the
rest of the chapter. Who was Agur and who was Jakeh, are questions which have been often asked
and never satisfactorily answered. All that can be said of the first is that he was an unknown
Hebrew sage, the son of an equally unknown Jakeh, and that he lived after the time of Hezekiah.
Lemuel, like Agur, is unknown. It is even uncertain whether he is to be regarded as a real personage,
or whether the name is merely symbolical. The Proverbs are frequently quoted or alluded to in
the New Testament and the canonicity of the book thereby confirmed. The following is a list of
the principal passages:— (Proverbs 1:16) compare Roma 3:10,15 (Proverbs 3:7) compare Roma
12:16 (Proverbs 3:11,12) compare Hebr 12:5,6, see also Reve 3:19 (Proverbs 3:34) compare Jame
4:6 (Proverbs 10:12) compare 1Pet 4:8 (Proverbs 11:31) compare 1Pet 4:18 (Proverbs 17:13)
compare Roma 12:17; 1The 5:15; 1Pet 3:9 (Proverbs 17:27) compare Jame 1:19 (Proverbs 20:9)
compare 1Joh 1:8 (Proverbs 20:20) compare Matt 15:4; Mark 7:10 (Proverbs 22:8) (LXX.),
compare 2Cor 9:7 (Proverbs 25:21,22) compare, Roma 12:20 (Proverbs 26:11) compare, 2Pet
2:22 (Proverbs 27:1) compare, Jame 4:13,14
Province
•In
the Old Testament this word appears in connection with the wars between Ahab and Ben-hadad.
(1 Kings 20:14,15,19) The victory of the former is gained chiefly “by the young” probably men
of the princes of the provinces the chiefs: of tribes in the Gilead country.
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William Smith