sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s Pª\u]N; tyf Enf=O=n]lgg

fHo;Qfsf] hGd x'G5 clg, ca rLhx¿ 7Ls9Ën] rNg yfNb5g\, h'g9Ën] tL dfnsf] Jofkf/ /
kl5 d'b|fsf] Jofkf/sf If]qdf rNb5g\ . d'Vo¿kn] pTkfbgsf] ultsf] cg'z/0f ug{sf nflu afWo x'“bfx'“b}
klg cf gf] cGtlg{lxt ;fk]If :jtGqtfsf] sf/0fn] — cyf{t\ Psk6s To;nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] ] /
lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} w]/} ljsl;t x'gk'u]sf] ;fk]lIfs :jtGqtfsf] sf/0fn] — Tof] gof“;Qfn] cfkm} klg
pŒkfbgsf kl/l:yltx¿ / pTkfgsf] qmddfly klg k|efj kfb{5 . Tof] cGof]Go -kf/:kl/s_ lqmof b'O{
c;dfg zlQmx¿aLrsf] kf/:kl/s lqmof x'G5 M Psflt/, cfly{s ult x'G5 eg] csf] {lt/, Tof] gof“;Qfn]
a9eGbf a9L :jtGqtf k|fKt ug] { k|oTg ub{5 / To;df Psk6s :yflkt eO;s]kl5 :jo+ cf g} ult
pTkGg x'G5 . k"0f{¿kdf x]g] { xf] eg] cGttM cfly{s ults} ljho x'G5 t/ Tof] klg :jo+ p;n] ;[hgf
u/]sf] /fhg}lts kl/l:yltaf6 k|efljt x'g'kg] { x'G5, h;nfO{ p;n] Psflt/ /fHo;Qfsf] ultaf6 /
csf] { {lt/, To;sf] ;“u;“u} k}bf x'g] p;sf] lj/f]waf6 ;fk]lIFs :jtGqtf ;'Dk]sf] lyof] . h;/L d'VotM
dfly atfOPsf] aGb]hcGt/ut cf}Bf]lus ahf/sf] ult d'b|f ahf/df k|ltljlDat — /, jf:tjdf
pN6f]¿kdf k|ltljlDat x''G5
— t/ To;}u/L pN6}¿kdf — k|ToIf¿kdf dfq geP/ ck|ToIf¿kdf, ju{–
;+3if{sf] ¿kdf geP/ /fhg}lts l;4fGtx¿sf] nflu ul/g] ;+3if{sf] ¿kdf k|ltljlDat x'G5 . jf:tjdf
Tof] slt ljs[t¿kdf k|ltlalDat x'G5 eg] To;nfO{ a'em\g xfdLnfO{ xhf/f} + jif{ nfu]sf] 5
cfly{s ljsf;df /fhsLo zlQmsf] k|efj tLgy/Lsf] x'g ;Sb5 M To;n] cfly{s ljsf;sf]
lbzfdf g} sfd ug{ ;Sb5 . To;f]x'“bf
ljsf;sf] ult cem w]/} tLj| x'G5 . To;n] ljsf;sf] lj/f]w ug{
;Sb5 /, cfh ef]lnsf] kl/l:yltdf x/]s ljzfn b]zdf cGttM 6'6km'6 eP/ l5GgleGg x'G5, cyjf k'gM
cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ s'g} vf; lbzfdf lgwf{l/t ug{ ;Sb5 . cGtdf To;sf] cg'dfg klg dflysf b'O{
cg'dfgx¿dWo]af6 s'g} Ps >]0fL cGt/ut cfOk'Ug]5 . t/ s] s'/f :ki6 5 eg] bf];|f] / t];|f] l:yltdf
/fhg}lts ;Qfn] cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ w]/} wSsf k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 tyf zlQm / ;fwgx¿sf] 7"nf] ajf{bLsf]
sf/0f aGg ;Sb5 .
k'gM ljho / cfly{s ;fwgx¿sf] kfzljs ljgfzsf] sf08 klg x'G5 . s'g} hdfgfdf s'g} ljz]if
kl/l:ylt cGt/ut To;åf/f ;Dk"0f{ :yfgLo cyjf /fli6«o cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ gi6 kfl/lbg ;lsGYof] .
cfhef]ln cfd¿kaf6 7"nf b]zx¿df To:tf] rLhsf] pN6} c;/ kb{5 M cGttM ljh]tfsf] ck]Iff ljlht
;Dk|bfo cfly{s, /fhg}lts / g}lts¿kaf6 k|fozM cem a9L ;'b[9 x'g k'Ub5 .
ToxL s'/f sfg"gsf] ;DaGwdf klg ;To xf] . hlta]nf k];]j/ jlsn pTkGg ug] { >dsf] gof“
ljefhg cfjZos x'G5, Tolta]nf csf] { gof“ / :jtGq If]q pTkGg x'g k'Ub5 . pŒkfbg / Jofkf/dfly
To;sf] ;f/f lge{/tfsf] afjh"b To; If]qdf c¿ If]qx¿nfO{ k|efljt ug] { ljz]if Ifdtf x'G5 . cfw'lgs
/fHodf sfg"gsf] nflu Tof] s]jn dfd"nL cfly{s kl/l:ylt cg'¿k xf];\ / cleJolQm ug'{
dfq
cfjZos geP/ Tof] cleJolQm p;sf] ¿kaf6 ;';+Ël7t xf];\ / To;af6 cf gf] cfGtl/s c;Ëltsf
sf/0fn] pm lg/y{s gxf];\ . clg, ToxL rLhnfO{ ;Dej agfpg] k|lqmofdf p;leq cfly{s
kl/l:yltx¿sf] ;xL–;xL k|ltljDa a9LeGbf a9L ifL0f x'“b}
hfG5 . Tof] cem w]/} klg lsg x'G5 eg]
sfg"gL lgod s'g} ju{sf clwkTosf Psbd v'nf, ljz'4 / k"0f{¿kdf d'ZsLn}n] slxNo} cleJoQm ub{5g\
. lsgeg] olb pgLx¿n] To;f] u/] eg] æGofosf] cjwf/0ffÆnfO{ rf]6 k'Ug]5 . g]kf]lngsf] Gofo;+lxtf -
Code of Napoleon_ df klg qmflGtsf/L k" “hLklt ju{sf] !&(@–(^ sf] Goflos, o'4, ;';+Ët wf/0ff
cg]sf} + ¿kdf b'lift x'gk'u]sf] 5 /, h'g xb;Dd Tof] p;df df}h"b 5, To;df klg ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
a9\b}uO/x]sf] zlQmsf] sf/0f /ftlbg gfgfk|sf/sf kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . ltgaf6 Tof] wf/0ff emg\ w]/} IfL0f
x'“b}
hfG5 . t/ To;sf] sf/0faf6 g]kf]lnogsf] Gofo;+lxtf ljwfgsf] Pp6f k':ts aGbf s'g} km/s kb} {g
. To;n] ;G;f/sf] x/]s s'gfdf Toxf“sf] x/]s gof“ Gofo ;+lxtfsf] nflu d"n cfwf/sf] cfd lbG5 .
To;/L w]/} xb;Dd æGofosf] ljsf;Æ qmdsf] cy{ s] x'G5 eg] —
k|yd, To;sf] dfWodaf6 Goflos l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf cfly{s ;DaGw k|ToIf¿kn] ¿kfGt/ x'g'sf]
sf/0f h]–hlt c;Ëltx¿ pTkGg x'“b}
hfG5g\, ltgnfO{ vtd ug] { / sfg"gsf] ;dGjofTds Joj:yf
sfod ug] { sf]lzz ul/G5 / k'gM tL wf“hfx¿ k'g] { sf]lzz ul/G5, h'g cufl8sf tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf]
k|efj / bafjsf sf/0f To; Joj:yfdf af/Daf/ k}bf x'G5g\ Pj+ To; Joj:yfnfO{ cem w]/} c;Ëltsf]
ef;df km“;fO/xG5g\ . -olta]nf oxf“ d}n] s]jn lbjfgL sfg"gsf] dfq s'/f ul//x]sf] 5' ._