sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s Pª\u]N; tyf Enf=O=n]lgg

38.hg;]lg:6 M of] gfdsf] gfdfs/0f 8r wd{zf:qL hg;lg:6sf] gfddf ePsf] lyof] . ;qf} + zbL /
c7f/f} + zbLsf] k|f/De sfndf k|mflg;;L Sofyf]lnsx¿leq of] lj/f]wL k|j[lqsf k|ltlglwx¿ lyP .
;/sf/L Sofyf]lnsjfbsf] ;fdGtL ljrf/wf/fsf lj?4 k|mflG;;L k" “hLklt ju{sf] Pp6f efun]
c;Gt'li6 JoQm ub{Yof] .
39.gfddfqjfb — Nominalism M Nofl6g efiffsf] Nomen — gfd — af6 ag]sf] xf] . dWoo'uLg
bz{gsf] of] wf/fsf] s] dfGotf lyof] eg] cfd wf/0ffx¿ Pp6} lsl;dsf j:t'x¿tkm{ Olª\ut
gfdx¿ x'G5g\ . csf] { zAbdf gfdjfbLx¿n] j:t'nfO{ d'Vo / ljrf/nfO{ uf}0f dfGb5g\ . To; cy{df
gfddfqjfb dWoo'usf] ef}ltsjfbsf] klxnf] cleJolQm xf] .
40. O{Zj/jfbL M o;sf] ;DaGw O{Zj/jfbL;t 5 . of] bfz{lgs / wd{zf:qLo l;4fGt xf] . o;n] vfln
;u'0f O{Zj/, ;[li6sf ;[li6stf{sf] cl:tTjnfO{ dfq :jLsf/ ub{5 .
41.b]jtfjfb M of] Tof] bz{g / wd{zf:qsf] wf/f xf], h;n] ;u'0f O{Zj/sf] ljrf/nfO{ c:jLsf/ ub{5 .
/, s] eGb5 eg] O{Zj/ cj}olQms¿kn] ;G;f/sf] k|wfg sf/0f xf] . ;fdGtx¿ / kfb/Lx¿sf] ljZj
kl/e|d0fsf] l;nl;nfdf b]jtfjfb ef}ltsjfb / cgLZj/jfb — gfl:tstf — s} 5b\d ¿k x'g]
ub{Yof] . kl5 b]jtfjfbn] wd{nfO{ ;xL l;4 ug{sf nflu k" “hLjfbL ljrf/wf/fnfO{ d2t u/]sf] lyof] .
Tof] wd{dWo] s]jn Hofb} abgfd ePsf cGwljZJff; / sd{sf08nfO{ g} pgLx¿n] x6fOlbPsf lyP .
42.d"nkf7sf] kf08'lnkLdf lgDg–lnlvt efu sfl6Psf] 5 M æJolQmx¿sf h'g ljrf/x¿ x'G5g\, tL
k|s[ltl;tsf] pgLx¿sf] ;DaGwsf sf/0fn] x'G5g\, pgLx¿f kf/:kl/s ;DaGwsf sf/0fn] x'G5g\ jf
pgLx¿sf cf g} :jefjsf sf/0fn] x'G5g\ . s] s'/f :ki6 5 eg] h'g;'s} sf/0fn] ePklg
ljrf/x¿ — oyfy{ jf e|fds h];'s} xf]pmg\ — tL pgLx¿sf jf:tljs ;DaGwx¿ / sfo{x¿,
pgLx¿sf pTkfbg sfo{x¿, pgLx¿sf kf/:kl/s cfbfg–k|bfg / pgLx¿sf ;fdflhs tyf
/fhg}lts ;+:yfx¿ Pj+ ;Ë7gx¿sf ;r]t cleJolQmx¿ x'G5g\ . To;sf] ljk/Lt s'g} s'/f x'g'
Tolta]nf dfq ;Dej x'g ;Sb5, hlta]nf ef}lts¿kaf6 lgld{t jf:tljs JolQmx¿sf efjgfsf
cltl/Qm c¿ s'g} efjgf dflgG5 . tL JolQmx¿sf jf:tljs ;DaGwx¿sf] ;r]t cleJolQm olb
ldYof xf] / cf gf] ljrf/ If]qdf jf:tljstfnfO{ olb pN6\ofOG5 eg] Tof] rLh :jo+ pgLx¿sf]
;Lldt lqmofsnfk / To;af6 pTkGg pgLx¿sf ;fdflhs ;DaGwx¿sf] kl/0ffd x'G5 . — The
ideas which these individuals form are ideas either about their relations
To nature or about their mutual relations or about their nature. It is
evident that in all these cases their ideas are the conscious expression —
real or illusory — of their real relationships and activities, of their
production and intercourses and of their social and political organisation.
The opposite assumption is only possible if in addition To The spirit of
the real, materially evolved individuals a separate spirit is presupposed. If
the conscious expression of the real relations of these individuals is
illusory, if in their imagination they turn reality upside down, then this in
its turn is the result of their limited material mode of activity and their
social relations arising from it."
43. Das Bewubtsein
44. Das Bewubtsein Sein
45=;f+ª\s]lts gf]6df dfS;{n] n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] — æTo;sf] ;fy;fy} ljrf/j]Qf -k'hf/L_ sf] cfudg
x'G5 . — MarginaL note by Marx : "The first form of ideologist, priests is
concurrent"