sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s Pª\u]N; tyf Enf=O=n]lgg

!)) jif{df pgLx¿ klg ToxL l:yltdf k'Ug' :jfefljs x'G5, h;df tL wd{ljxLg JolQmx¿ lyP M
wfld{s ;dk|bfonfO{ k'gM lgd" {n ug'{kg]
{ cfjZostf k}bf x'G5 . Pshgf gof“ d]xbLsf] pbo x'G5 .
k'gM Psk6s pxL l;nl;nf bf]xf]l/G5 .
clk|msfsf cNdf]/ljbx¿ / :k]gsf cfNdf]xfbf] {b]lv lnP/ vf/t"g 179 sf] clGtd d]xbLsf] ljhoL
cleofg;Ddsf] ToxL kl/0ffd ePsf] lyof], h;n] cª\u| ]hx¿sf sf]lzzx¿nfO{ Tolt ;kmntfsf
;fy c;kmn kfl/lbPsf lyP . kmf/; / cGo d';ndfg b]zx¿df x'g] ljb|f]xsf] klg ToxLvfnsf]
cyjf To:t} xfnt ePsf] lyof] .
tL ;f/f wfld{s ;Dk|bfosf] afgf le/]/ /xG5g\ . t/ ltgLx¿sf] ;|f]tsf] sf/0f cfly{s x'G5 . /,
To;sf afjh"b hlta]nf pgLx¿ ljhoL x'G5g\, Tolta]nf klg k'/fgf cfly{s kl/l:yltx¿n] xft
gxfnLsg} pgLx¿nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5g\ . ctM k'/fgf] kl/l:ylt ckl/jlt{t g} /lx/xG5 tyf lglZrt
;dodf af/Daf/ 6Ss/ eO/xG5 . To;sf] ljk/Lt O;fO{ wd{ dfGg]x¿n] klZrdsf b]zx¿sf]
hgljb|f]xx¿sf] wfld{s afgf k'/fgf] eO;s]sf] Joj:yfdfly k|xf/ ug{sf nflu s]jn Pp6f em08f /
gsfjsf] dfq sfd ub{5 . cGtdf Tof] wfld{s Joj:yf kN6\ofOG5, gof“ cfly{s Joj:yfn] hGd
lnG5 / ;G;f/ cufl8 a9\b5 . — PË]N;sf] gf]6 .
179.Almoravids — !! cf} + / !@ cf} + zbLsf p=clk|msf tyf b=:k]gsf] Pp6f aa{/ /fhj+z .
Almohads klg Pp6f aa{/ ;fdGtL /fhj+z xf] . To;n] Almoravids nfO{ x6fP/ !@ cf} + / !#
cf} + zbLdf zf;g u/]sf] lyof] . vf/t"gsf] d]xbL, df]xdb cxdb -!($$–!**%_ k"=;"8fgdf
c+u| ]hx¿ / cGo o"/f]k]nL pklgj]zjfbLx¿sf lj?4 toxf“sf ls;fgx¿ / vfgbfg ju{sf] /fli6«o
cfGbf]ng -!**!–!**%_sf g]tf lyP . To; ljb|f]xsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k !*(* df tL
pklgj]zjfbLx¿ Toxf“ 5f]8]/ efUg afWo x'g'k/]sf] lyof] .
180.oxf“ lhls/ sdf]l8ogsf] /rgf ox'bLx¿ / sflkm/x¿sf] lj?4 Ifdfofrgfsf] uLt — Carmen
Apologeticum adverus Ludaeos at gentes
181.Cabbala — of] Ps /x:ojfbL wfld{s l;4fGt xf], h;sf] hfb"l;t ;DalGwt lyof] . of]
ox'bLx¿dfem Jofks¿kn] lkm+lhPsf] lyof] .
182.Gnostics — k|f/lDes O;fO{ wd{cGt/ut kfOg] /x:ojfbL wf/f . of] bz{gsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL
;f/;+u|xjfbL -e|djfbL_ wf/f lyof] .
183.Zend-Avesta — hf]/f]cl:6«ofoL wd{sf] kljq k':tssf] ;+u|x . of] wd{ k|frLg kf/;,
ch/j}hfg tyf dWo Plzofdf km}lnPsf] lyof] . s] ljrf/ ul/G5 eg] of] ;+u|x O;fk"j{ gjf} + zbL
tyf jt{dfg t];|f] zbLsf] aLr tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . _
184.Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea, v08 — !
185.oxf“ h'g n]vsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5, To;sf] zLif{s t':tlnª\u; lnt/]t'/ xf] . Tof] k|mfG;sf
ef}ltsjfbL bfz{lgs lbb]/f], xNjfv, x]Nj]l;o;, cflbsf] af/]df n]lvPsf] lyof] . Tof] n]vdf
Pª\u]N;g] ;Nnfx lbg'ePsf] 5, ædhb"/ hg;d'bfodf ut ztfAbLsf >]i7 k|m]Gr ef}ltsjfbL
;flxTosf] ljt/0ftkm{ Wofg lbOg'kb{5 . Tof] /rgf / ljifoj:t' b'j}sf] b[li6sf]0fn] k|mflG;;L
cfTdfsf] clxn];dDsf] ;j{>]i7 pknlAw xf] tyf olb To;a]nfsf] j}1flgs :t/nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/
To;sf] ljifoj:t' clxn] klg Hofb} pRr:t/sf] 5 tyf /rgfTds :j¿k clåtLo 5 .
186./]rsf] cy{ x'G5 — efif0f . of] j}wflgs hgjfbL kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo d'vkq lyof] .
187.j}wflgs hgjfbL kf6L{sf] ;b:o . Tof] d'Vo pbf/kgyL /fhtGqjfbL k" “hL:jfbL kf6L{ lyof] .
cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] ljhokl5 To;n] k|ltqmflGtsf/L k" “hkltx¿ / hdLgbf/x¿sf]
;f]leot ;Qfsf] lj/4 ;z:q ;+3if{ ;+ul7t ug{ d2t u/]sf] lyof] .
188.;fNtLsf]e Zr]lGb|gsf] k':ts cfw'lgs sfJosyfsf] pbf/kGyL aft"gL, b':;fx;L / e"m6 af]Ng] kfq
.
189.Pg=s]=g]qmf;f]esf] æ¿;df sf] ;'vL 5