sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s Pª\u]N; tyf Enf=O=n]lgg

agfOlbGYof] . To;a]nfsf] ;'?df sf]klg{s;n] wfdL{s bz{gnfO{ d"n 9f]sfsf] af6f] b]vfOlbG5g\ . To;
sfnsf] cGt Go"6gn] ub{5g\ — b}jL k|yd cfj]usf] k/+ l;4fGt k|ltli7t u/]/ . h'g k|s[lt lj1fg
;jf] {Rr cfd ljrf/;Dd k'Ug ;s]sf] lyof], Tof] k|s[ltsf] Joj:yfcGt/ut p2]Zok"0f{ x'G5 eGg] lyof] .
jf:tjdf Tof] af]Nkmsf] pQfpnf] pkof]lutfjfbL ljrf/ lyof] / Tof] ljrf/ cg';f/ d';f df/f];\ eg]/
lj/fnfsf] ;[li6 x'G5 / lj/fnf]n] vfg] Joj:yf xf];\ eg]/ d';fsf] ;[li6 x'G5 tyf;|i6fsf] a'l4dfgLsf]
k|df0f ;a}nfO{ xfl;n xf];\ eg]/ ;Dk"0f{ k|s[ltsf rLhx¿sf] ;[li6 x'G5 . Tolta]nfsf] bz{gsf] Hofb}
>]osf] s'/f s] xf] eg] k|s[lt;DaGwL cf gf] ;dosf] ;Lldt 1fgsf] cj:yfaf6 p;n] cfk"mnfO{
lbUe|ldt x'g lbPsf] lyPg / — l:kgf]hfb]lv lnP/ dxfg\ k|mflG;;L ef}ltsjfbLx¿;Dd — p;n]
;G;f/sf] JofVof :jo= ;G;f/s} cfwf/df ul/g'kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf lg/Gt/ hf]8 lbO/x]sf] lyof] . To;
s'/fsf] l;nl;nfj4¿kdf k|dfl0ft ug] { { sfo{ef/ p;n] efjL k|s[lt lj1fgnfO{ 5fl8lbPsf] lyof] .
!* cf} + zbLsf ef}ltsjfbLx¿nfO{ d}n] ToxL sfndf ;fd]n ub{5' lsgeg] dfly h'g ljj/0f
lbOPsf] 5, To;afx]s k|s[lt lj1fg;DaGwL pgLx¿nfO{ c¿ s'g} ;fdu|L k|fKt lyPg . sfG6sf]
o'ufGtsf/L sfo{ pgLx¿sf] nflu cg'b\3fl6t /x:o alg/x]sf lyof] / nfKnf; pgLeGbf w]/}kl5 cfPsf
lyP . xfdLx¿n] s] s'/f e'Ng'x'“b}g
eg] kl5 lj1fgsf] k|ultn] To;nfO{ 6'qmf–6'qmf kfl/lbPsf] eP tfklg
!( cf} + zbLsf] ;Dk"0f{ k"jf{4{el/ k|s[lt;DaGwL Tof] cljsl;t b[li6sf]0f rf/}lbzf km}lnPsf] lyof] . /,
cBfjlw d"ne"t¿kdf ;f/fsf ;f/f :s"nx¿df ToxL s'/f l;sfOG5 . 112
k|s[lt;DaGwL Tof] lghL{j b[li6sf]0fdf klxnf] l5b| s'g} k|s[lt j}1flgsn] geP/ bfz{lgsn] k}bf
u/]sf lyP . !&%% df sfG6sf] /rgf–k|s[ltsf] cfd Oltxf; tyf :ju{sf] l;4fGt -Allgemeine
Naturges Chicht und Theorie des Himmels_ k|fsflzt ePsf] lyof] . k|yd cfj]usf]
k|ZgnfO{ To;df vtd kfl/Psf] lyof] . k[YjL / ;Dk"0f{ ;f}o{d08n To:tf] j:t'sf] ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf]
lyof], h'g sfnqmddf pTkGg ePsf] lyof] ] . Go"6gn] r]tfjgL lbPsf lyP M æef}ltszf:q t“
cflwef}ltsjfbb]lv ;fjwfg /xg" Æ k|s[lt j}1flgsx¿sf] ljzfn ax'dtnfO{ Go"6gåf/f ul/Psf] Tof]
r]tfjgLlt/ Wofg lbg] s'/fdf olb clnslt yf]/} klg ljt[i0ff x'g] eP sfG6sf] pxL k|ltefzfnL
cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/df g} pgLx¿ To:tf] lgisif{df k'Ug afWo x'Gy] . To;n]ubf{ csygLo e"ndf kg] {
s'/faf6 pgLx¿ a“Rg] lyP / unt lbzfdf nufOPsf] csygLo ;do / >d klg Joy} {df ajf{b x'g]
s'/faf6 hf]luGYof] lsgeg] sfG6sf] vf]hdf kl5sf] ;f/fsf ;f/f k|ultsf] cfwf/ df}h"b lyof] . olb k[YjL
To;vfnsf] pTkGg ePsf] rLh xf] eg] To;sf clxn]sf e"ue{zf:qLo, ef}uf]lns / hnhjfo';DaGwL
cj:yfx¿ /, To;/L k}bf ePsf To;sf af]6lj?jfx¿ / hGt'x¿ klg To;/L g} pTkGg ePsf rLhx¿
x'g'kb{5 . To;sf] Oltxf; x'g'kb{5 — vfln cjsf;df To;sf] ;xcl:tTjsf] Oltxf; dfq geP/ Tof]
To;a]nfsf] To;sf] cg'qmdsf] Oltxf;;d]t klg xf] . olb kl5sf] 5fgjLgsf] sfo{ b[9tfsf ;fy /
t'?Gt ToxL lbzfdf ul/Psf] x'GYof] eg] k|s[lt lj1fg cfh hlt ;d'Ggt 5, Tof]eGbf emg\w]/} ;d'Ggt
x'g]lyof] . t/ bz{gaf6 s] kmfObf x'g ;SbYof] t < s}of} + jif{;Dd s'g} tfTsflns kl/0ffdljgf sfG6sf]
sfd TolQs} /lx/x\of], hlxn];Dd nfKnf; / x;] {nn] To;sf] ljifoj:t'sf] sfo{ k|ltkfbg u/]/ To;nfO{
cema9L uxL/f] cfwf/ k|bfg u/]gg\ . To;f] u/]/ ælgxfl/sf l;4fGtÆ 113 nfO{ lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} pgLx¿n]
hglk|o agfPsf lyP . kl5sf vf]hx¿n] clv/df To;sf] lgwf/df ljhosf] 6Lsf nfufOlbPsf] lyof] .
tLdWo] ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ cg';Gwfgx¿ lgDg cg';f/ lyP M l:y/ tf/fx¿sf] ult oyfy{df s] xf] eGg]
kQf nufOPsf] lyof], ;fj{ef}dls cjsf;leq k|lt/f]ws pks/0f df}h"b 5 eGg] l;4 ul/Psf] lyof],
ljZjdf df}h"b ;f/fsf ;f/f kbfy{leq /f;folgs Ps¿ktf -cgGotf_ x'G5 tyf sfG6n] k"j{ sNkgf
u/]sf k|sfzdfg lgxfl/sf ;+xltx¿ -Nebular Masses_ jf:tjdf ljBdfg 5g\ eGg] j0ff{qmdsf]
ljZn]if0fåf/f l;4 ul/Psf] lyof] . 114
t/ k|s[lt vfln df}h"b 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/f dfq xf]Og, clkt' of] hlGd/xG5 / dl//xG5 eg]/
pl7/x]sf] wf/0ffaf/] z+sf ug{ ;lsG5 . olb Ps csf] { If]qaf6 ;dy{g k|FKt gePsf] eP k|s[lt
lj1fgsf j}1flgsx¿sf] w]/}h;f] efu kl/jt{gzLn k[YjL ckl/jt{gzLn hLj ePsf] eGg] c;+ultk"0f{
s'/fk|lt l56} ;hu x'GYof] . e"ue{zf:qsf] hGd eof] . To;n] vfln e"ldsf] :t/ Pskl5 csf] { ag]sf] /