sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s Pª\u]N; tyf Enf=O=n]lgg

s'g s'/fsf] pbfx/0f ;d]t xf] eg] Pp6f gf}l;sf?em} + xfd|f] Oltxf;n] cem} klg tL s'/fx¿ l;Sgsf
nflu cltl/Qm s;/t ug'{
5, h'g Oltxf;df k'/fgf / hL0f{–zL0f{ eO;s]sf 5g\ <
ctM olb hd{gLsf] /fhg}lts ljsf; cufl8 uPg eg] ;Dk"0f{ hd{g ljsf; jt{dfg sfnsf
;d:ofx¿dWo] s'g} hd{g lgjf;LnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L bvfn x'g ;Sb5, hlt s'g} ¿;L lgjf;Lsf] x'G5 .
t/ ha sf]O{ 5'§} JolQm /fli6«o ;Ldfaf6 aflwO/x]sf] x'Gg eg] To; JolQmsf] d'lQmåf/f ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«sf]
cem} sd d'lQm ldNYof] . o"gfgsf bfz{lgsx¿dWo] Pshgf :sfOlyofjf;L33 klg lyP — To; s'/fn]
o"gfgL ;+:s[lttkm{ Ps sbd klg cufl8 a9\\g :sfOlyofjf;Lx¿nfO{ d2t ldn]sf] lyPg .
;+of]ujz xfdL hd{g :sfOlyofjf;L xf]Ogf} + .
k|frLg ;Dk|bfo cfÏgf] k|fuP]ltxfl;s sfnb]lv h;/L sNk g} sNkgfdf kf}/fl0fs syfx¿sf]
¿kdf u'lh|Psf] lyof], To;}u/L xfdL hd{gx¿n] cfÏgf] cfufdL Oltxf;nfO{ lrGtg hutdf, bz{gsf]
If]qdf to ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . To;sf] P]ltxfl;s ;dsfnLg x'“bfx'“b} klg xfdL jt{dfg sfnsf bfz{lgs
;dsfnLg xf} + . hd{g bz{g hd{g Oltxf;sf] cfbz{jfbL lj:tf/ xf] . ctM cfÏgf] jf:tljs Oltxf;sf
cw'/f sfd -Aeuvres In Completes_sf] :yfgdf olb xfdLx¿n] cfbz{jfbL Oltxf;kl5sf sfdx¿
-Aeuvres Posthumes_sf] cfnf]rgf ub{5f} + eg] h'g xfd|f] cfnf]rgfsf] bz{g 5, Tof] tL k|Zgx¿l;t
clNemPsf] 5, tL jt{dfg sfnn] atfpg] c;nL k|Zg pg} k|ultzLn /fi6«x¿df h'g s'/fsf] cy{ /fHosf
cfw'lgs kl/l:yltx¿;“u} Jojxfl/s¿kaf6 ;DaGw–ljR5]b ug'{
x'G5, ToxL cy{ hd{gLdf — hxf“ cem};Dd
tL kl/l:yltx¿ cl:tTjdf cfO;s]sf 5}gg\ — kl/l:yltx¿sf bfz{lgs k|ltljDa;u} ;j{k|yd
cfnf]rgfTds ;DaGw–ljR5]b ug'{
x'g]5 .
clwsf/ / /fHosf] hd{g bz{g g} hd{g Oltxf;sf] Ps dfq To:tf] rLh xf], h'g ;/sf/Ltj/n]
dfGotf k|fKt cfw'lgs jt{dfg:t/;Dd -Al Pari_ k'Ub5 . ctM s] ug'{
cfjZos x'G5 eg] hd{g /fi6«n]
cfÏgf] Tof] :jKlgn Oltxf;sf] ;DaGw cfÏgf df}h"bf kl/l:yltx¿;“u} :yflkt u/f];\ /, s]jn oL
ljBdfg kl/l:yltx¿l;t dfq geP/ ltgsf ;fy} ltgLx¿sf] xjfbf/L lj:tf/sf] ;d]t cfnf]rgf u/f];\ .
To;sf] eljionfO{ g t /fHo / clwsf/sf jf:tljs kl/l:yltx¿sf] tfTsflns lgif]w;Dd ;Lldt ug{
;lsG5 g To;sf /fHo / clwsf/;DaGwL cbz{jfbL kl/l:yltx¿nfO{ t'?Gt Jojxfl/s ¿k lbg]
sfd;Dd dfq ;Lldt ug{ ;lsG5 lsgls To;sf cfbz{jfbL kl/l:yltx¿df To;sf jf:tljs
kl/l:yltx¿sf] tfTsflns lgif]w lglxt x'G5 tyf l5d]sL /fi6«x¿sf] lrGtgdf pm cf gf cfbz{jfbL
kl/l:yltx¿sf] tfTsflns clek"lt{sf] cj:yfeGbf Psk|sf/n] cufl8 al9;s]sf] 5 . ctM hd{gLsf
Jojxfl/s sfddf h'6]sf /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿n] olb bz{gsf] lgif]w ug] { { dfu ub{5g\ eg] To:tf] ;clek|fo
ub{5g\ . To;sf] uNtL pgLx¿n] of] rLhsf] dfu ug'{
geP/ Tof] ToxL dfudf /f]lsg] s'/fdf x'G5 . Tof]
dfusf] g t p;n] uDeL/tfk"j{s kl/k"lt{ ub{5, g kl/k"lt{ ug{;S5 . Totflt/ kL7 kmsf{P/ tyf To;sf]
;DaGwdf s]xL ;8]un]sf k'/fgf tyf qmf]wo'Qm :j/x¿ e'ge'gfP/ To;n] lgif]wsf] sfo{nfO{ k"/f ul//x]sf]
5 † cfÏgf] b[li6sf]0fsf] ;Lldttfsf] sf/0f hd{gsf] jf:tljstf kl/lwdf p;n] bz{gnfO{ ;fd]n ub} {g
cyjf s] ;f] +Rb5 eg] hd{g Jojxf/ tyf To;sf ;xfos l;4fGtx¿sf] :t/eGbf bz{g t'R5 x'G5 .
tkfO{ +n] ;'?cft t jf:tljs hLjgsf aLhx¿af6 ug{ 'kg] { dfu ug'{x'G5
t/ tkfO{ +n] s] e'Ng'x'G5 eg] hd{g
/fi6«sf] jf:tljs hLjgsf] aLh clxn];Dd vfln To;sf] lbdfuleq} dfq al9/x]sf] 5 . Ps zAbdf —
bz{gnfO{ Pp6f jf:tljstf gagfO{sg tkfO{ +n] To;nfO{ pGd"ng ug{ ;Sg' x'Gg . .
oxL g} uNtL bz{gaf6 k}bf x'g] ;}4flGts kf6L{n] u/]sf lyP — To;df vfln To;sf sf/s
tTjx¿sf] qmd pN6f] ePsf] lyof] .
jt{dfg ;‹if{df p;n] hd{g hutsf lj?4 bz{gsf] s]jn cfnf]rgfTds ;‹if{nfO{ dfq b]v]sf]
lyof], p;n] jt{dfg sfn;Ddsf] bz{g :jo+ ;G;f/sf] Ps c+z xf] /, To;sf] k|l/k"/s xf] — oBlk Tof]
To;sf] cfbz{jfbL k|ltk"/s xf] — eGg] s'/fdfly ljrf/ u/]sf] lyPg . cfÏgf] k|ltd"lt{k|lt p;sf]
b[li6sf]0f cfnf]rgfTds ePklg cfkm"k|ltsf] p;sf] b[li6sf]0f cfnf]rgfTds lyPg . bz{gsf k"j{ cjoj -
Premises_x¿af6 yfngL u/]/ ls t Tof] bz{gåf/f k|:t't ul/Psf kl/0ffdx¿dfly g} Tof] /f]lsg