Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 13 - From Marx to Mao

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430V. I. LENINPOSTSCRIPT 145The present work was written at the end of 1907. It wasprinted in St. Petersburg in 1908, but was seized and destroyedby the tsarist censor. Only one copy was saved, butthe end of it was missing (after page 269 of that edition).This has now been added.At the present time the revolution poses the agrarian questionin Russia in an immeasurably broader, deeper, andsharper form than it did in 1905-07. Knowledge of the historyof our Party programme in the first revolution will,I hope, contribute to a more correct understanding of theaims of the present revolution.It is particularly necessary to emphasise the following.The war has caused such untold calamities to the belligerentcountries and has at the same time accelerated thedevelopment of capitalism to such a tremendous degree,converting monopoly capitalism into state-monopoly capitalism,that neither the proletariat nor the revolutionarypetty-bourgeois democrats can keep within the limits ofcapitalism.Life has already overstepped those limits and has placedon the order of the day the regulation of production anddistribution on a national scale, universal labour service,compulsory syndication (uniting in unions), etc.Under these circumstances, the question of the nationalisationof the land must inevitably be presented in anew way in the agrarian programme, namely: nationalisationof the land is not only “the last word” of the bourgeoisrevolution, but also a step towards socialism. The calamitiesdue to the war cannot be combated unless such stepsare taken.
AGRARIAN PROGRAMME OF SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY431The proletariat, leading the poorest section of the peasantry,is compelled, on the one hand, to shift the weightof emphasis from the Soviets of Peasants’ Deputies to theSoviets of Agricultural Workers’ Deputies, and on the otherhand, to demand the nationalisation of farm implementsin the landlords’ estates and also the conversion ofthose estates into model farms under the control of theselatter Soviets.I cannot, of course, deal with these extremely importantquestions in greater detail here; I must refer the readerswho are interested in them to the current Bolshevik literatureand to my pamphlets: Letters on Tactics and The Tasksof the Proletariat in Our Revolution (Draft of a Platformfor the Proletarian Party).September 28, 1917The AuthorPublished in 1917 inThe Agrarian Programme ofSocial-Democracy in the FirstRussian Revolution, 1905-1907Published accordingto the book text
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W O R K E R S O F A L L C O U N T R
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ИНCTИTУT МАРÇCИзМА —
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TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN BY BERN
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8CONTENTSTHE THIRD DUMA . . . . . .
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10CONTENTSChapter V. Classes and Pa
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13PREFACEVolume Thirteen contains w
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AGAINST BOYCOTTNOTES OF A SOCIAL-DE
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17The recent Teachers’ Congress,
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AGAINST BOYCOTT19Secondly, this boy
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AGAINST BOYCOTT21tory. The October-
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AGAINST BOYCOTT23Marxists should be
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AGAINST BOYCOTT25its emergence. Any
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AGAINST BOYCOTT27spirit, but becaus
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AGAINST BOYCOTT29The October strugg
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AGAINST BOYCOTT31that they alone we
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AGAINST BOYCOTT33of constitutional
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AGAINST BOYCOTT35elections, but ign
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AGAINST BOYCOTT37al of the revoluti
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AGAINST BOYCOTT39driving it into th
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AGAINST BOYCOTT41which in those day
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AGAINST BOYCOTT43contrive to utilis
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AGAINST BOYCOTT45the “punitive”
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AGAINST BOYCOTT47Must we make every
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AGAINST BOYCOTT49social forces with
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IN MEMORY OF COUNT HEYDEN51“enlig
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IN MEMORY OF COUNT HEYDEN53class po
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IN MEMORY OF COUNT HEYDEN55derstand
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IN MEMORY OF COUNT HEYDEN57democrat
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THESES OF REPORT AT ST. PETERSBURG
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THE THIRD CONFERENCE OF THE R.S.D.L
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64V. I. LENINDemocrats and the libe
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66V. I. LENINthe First and especial
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68V. I. LENINa number of victories
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70V. I. LENINWe Social-Democrats ar
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72V. I. LENINintellectual, who help
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74V. I. LENINmay develop, no matter
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76V. I. LENINvigorously protested a
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78V. I. LENINtheir campaign for uni
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80V. I. LENINwar is a necessary pro
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82THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST CONGR
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gress in Stuttgart”. Lenin’s pe
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86V. I. LENINminds among the German
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88V. I. LENIN“In principle, no on
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90V. I. LENINstruggle not for full
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92V. I. LENINproposed amendments to
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94PREFACE TO THE COLLECTIONTWELVE Y
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ReducedThe cover of the collection
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98V. I. LENINare being bandied abou
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100V. I. LENINciation with Struve a
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102V. I. LENINTo maintain today tha
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104V. I. LENINthe working class, wh
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106V. I. LENINtion to act as a base
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108V. I. LENINso vigorously straigh
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110V. I. LENINThe direct connection
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112V. I. LENINory of the Cadets and
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114REVOLUTION AND COUNTER-REVOLUTIO
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116V. I. LENINThe proletariat at th
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118V. I. LENINof 1907, they support
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120V. I. LENINtrained, and organise
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122V. I. LENINout the democratic fo
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124V. I. LENINist autocracy, is a c
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126V. I. LENINZemstvos and municipa
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128V. I. LENINSocial-Democracy is o
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130V. I. LENINof popular representa
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132V. I. LENINsame guarding of the
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134V. I. LENINlates the will of the
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136V. I. LENINdemands of any wide m
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138V. I. LENIN2RESOLUTION ON THE TH
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140V. I. LENIN3REPORT ON THE PARTIC
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142V. I. LENINCadets and the Left w
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144V. I. LENIN2RESOLUTION ON THE TA
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146V. I. LENIN(7) among the first c
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148V. I. LENINFifth so-called “Pa
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150V. I. LENINtowards the Right. Th
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152V. I. LENINKhomyakov, who is bet
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154V. I. LENINWe shall say a few wo
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156V. I. LENINare right on this poi
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158V. I. LENINThe extraordinary Con
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160V. I. LENINdoviks or are they fi
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162V. I. LENINal approved the point
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164V. I. LENINAnd he, self-admiring
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166V. I. LENINBebel, and even of Ka
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168V. I. LENIN“anarchistic loosen
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Written in the autumn of 1907First
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172V. I. LENINof machines of a capi
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174V. I. LENINto 2 hectares, and on
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176V. I. LENINIt is sufficient to n
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178V. I. LENINsmall farms account f
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180V. I. LENINof agriculture to ano
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182V. I. LENINIn a footnote on page
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184V. I. LENINtural statistical inv
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186V. I. LENINThe total number of f
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188V. I. LENINThe first conclusion
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190V. I. LENINThe words “more or
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192V. I. LENINand oxen 553 kilogram
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194V. I. LENINthe advantage the big
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196V. I. LENINbeing excessively dis
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198V. I. LENINon, when quoting figu
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200V. I. LENINNr. 9, litra C)* the
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202V. I. LENINsignificant. The Pudo
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204V. I. LENINcentage is much lower
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206V. I. LENINFrom these figures we
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208V. I. LENINAverage per FarmGroup
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210V. I. LENINwe learn only that in
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212V. I. LENINFROM MARXTO MAOexpres
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214V. I. LENIN1898) and lagged behi
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216V. I. LENINTo sum up: the “ide
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Written in November-December 1907Fi
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220V. I. LENINspokesmen of the diff
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222V. I. LENINsocieties and associa
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224V. I. LENINly classified accordi
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226V. I. LENINinterested in the exp
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228V. I. LENIN(according to certain
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230V. I. LENINSecondly, it may be s
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232V. I. LENINof the matter by holl
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234V. I. LENINThe peasant’s allot
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236V. I. LENINof holdings, and stil
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238V. I. LENINently clear the way f
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240V. I. LENINBoth stood for condit
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242V. I. LENINclasses of capitalist
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244V. I. LENINthe best possible (un
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246V. I. LENINthe Mensheviks, regar
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248V. I. LENINtheir plentiful survi
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250V. I. LENINto presume that the l
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252V. I. LENINwas the opinion expre
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254V. I. LENINable land. But it is
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256V. I. LENINments and to leave th
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258V. I. LENINAt all events, the fu
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260V. I. LENINby Comrade John! To b
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262V. I. LENINwith the spokesmen of
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264V. I. LENINwhere is the connecti
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266V. I. LENINunderstanding” beca
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268V. I. LENINkept dinning into the
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270V. I. LENINPoland (Suvalki) and
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272V. I. LENINland. Clause 9 of the
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274V. I. LENIN“secondly, nowhere
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276V. I. LENINtransformed into smal
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278V. I. LENINmine the very foundat
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280V. I. LENINthe new and the old,
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282V. I. LENINcan be seen most clea
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284V. I. LENIN7. THE PEASANT’S AN
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286V. I. LENINBut we are dealing wi
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288V. I. LENINof it than private ow
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290V. I. LENINorder. That is its fu
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292V. I. LENINture on the peasant a
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294V. I. LENINC H A P T E R IIITHE
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296V. I. LENINstrengthening of smal
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298V. I. LENINThat rent cannot be a
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300V. I. LENINone hand, nationalisa
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302V. I. LENINwhich are sheltered b
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304V. I. LENINlandlords introduced
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306V. I. LENINlevel of productivity
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308V. I. LENINBut that is not all.
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310V. I. LENINit is the employment
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312V. I. LENINThat is why, proceedi
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314V. I. LENINtortion of its propag
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316V. I. LENINAnd that question ine
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318V. I. LENINgotten that no land n
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320V. I. LENINmany in 1848, but als
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322V. I. LENINadmit the existence o
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324V. I. LENINist landownership of
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326V. I. LENINbility of restoration
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328V. I. LENINthe political sphere,
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330V. I. LENINtionalisation” and
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332V. I. LENIN2. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNM
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334V. I. LENINCadets lay stress on
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336V. I. LENINAt the present time t
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338V. I. LENINmunicipalisation and
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340V. I. LENIN“Municipalisation
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342V. I. LENINoverthrow the central
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344V. I. LENINavoid that difficult
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346V. I. LENINbourgeoisie over both
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348V. I. LENINthe toiling masses. O
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350V. I. LENINAnd that standpoint o
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352V. I. LENINactive in creating th
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354V. I. LENINthat”, Plekhanov ke
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356V. I. LENINnicipalised lands in
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358V. I. LENINmust fight for a new
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360V. I. LENINforth about “social
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362V. I. LENINetc. The petty-bourge
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364V. I. LENINagrarian reform [?] p
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366V. I. LENINThese quotations shou
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368V. I. LENIN1. THE RIGHTS AND THE
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370V. I. LENINAs the reader sees, t
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372V. I. LENINput the question in e
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374V. I. LENIN2. THE CADETSLike all
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376V. I. LENINUnlike either the Rig
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378V. I. LENINcompel the peasants,
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380V. I. LENINthe big owners with o
Page 386 and 387: 382V. I. LENINFROM MARXTO MAOcome o
Page 388 and 389: 384V. I. LENINon the side of the la
Page 390 and 391: 386V. I. LENINis also starving....
Page 392 and 393: 388V. I. LENINing or of prohibiting
Page 394 and 395: 390V. I. LENIN3, 1905, the governme
Page 396 and 397: 392V. I. LENIN(S.R.) in the Second
Page 398 and 399: 394V. I. LENINof the farms with 4 h
Page 400 and 401: 396V. I. LENINman is born—it is j
Page 402 and 403: 398V. I. LENINants” (1950-51). Ne
Page 404 and 405: 400V. I. LENINsets himself aims of
Page 406 and 407: 402V. I. LENINants. The Socialist-R
Page 408 and 409: 404V. I. LENINfor such an increase
Page 410 and 411: 406V. I. LENINTo this we will add t
Page 412 and 413: 408V. I. LENINOn behalf of the Mosl
Page 414 and 415: 410V. I. LENINgroup is of the opini
Page 416 and 417: 412V. I. LENIN—is it not obvious
Page 418 and 419: 414V. I. LENINof this country is du
Page 420 and 421: 416V. I. LENINhad received two mill
Page 422 and 423: 418V. I. LENINabolish private owner
Page 424 and 425: 420V. I. LENINProceeding to critici
Page 426 and 427: 422V. I. LENINservice system, i.e.,
Page 428 and 429: 424V. I. LENINbound bureaucracy, wh
Page 430 and 431: 426V. I. LENINcompletely fulfil its
Page 432: 428V. I. LENINMarx) is to reveal an
Page 438 and 439: 432THE DEBATE ON THE EXTENSIONOF TH
Page 440 and 441: 434V. I. LENINObviously, the questi
Page 442 and 443: 436V. I. LENINonly the right to rec
Page 444 and 445: 438V. I. LENINtime to follow the or
Page 446 and 447: 440POLITICAL NOTESThe chauvinists a
Page 448 and 449: 442V. I. LENINfor capitalism in agr
Page 450 and 451: 444V. I. LENINit will be carried ou
Page 452 and 453: 446V. I. LENINMoscow, as we are inf
Page 454 and 455: 448A LETTER TO A. M. GORKY25.II.190
Page 456: 450V. I. LENINI wrote to St. Peters
Page 459 and 460: A LETTER TO A. M. GORKY453must rema
Page 461 and 462: 455THE NEW AGRARIAN POLICYOn Wednes
Page 463 and 464: THE NEW AGRARIAN POLICY457ownership
Page 465 and 466: THE NEW AGRARIAN POLICY459The tsar
Page 467 and 468: TRADE-UNION NEUTRALITY461puts an en
Page 469 and 470: TRADE-UNION NEUTRALITY463trade unio
Page 471 and 472: TRADE-UNION NEUTRALITY465tion”. W
Page 473 and 474: TRADE-UNION NEUTRALITY467ment is ba
Page 475 and 476: TRADE-UNION NEUTRALITY469tive Times
Page 477 and 478: THE HAPPENING TO THE KING OF PORTUG
Page 479 and 480: THE HAPPENING TO THE KING OF PORTUG
Page 481 and 482: 475LESSONS OF THE COMMUNE 168After
Page 483 and 484: LESSONS OF THE COMMUNE477of the Com
Page 485 and 486: 479A POLICE-PATRIOTIC DEMONSTRATION
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POLICE-PATRIOTIC DEMONSTRATION MADE
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POLICE-PATRIOTIC DEMONSTRATION MADE
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485DECEPTION OF THE PEOPLE BY THE L
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DECEPTION OF THE PEOPLE BY THE LIBE
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DECEPTION OF THE PEOPLE BY THE LIBE
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ESTIMATE OF MARX BY INTERNATIONAL L
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ESTIMATE OF MARX BY INTERNATIONAL L
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N O T E S
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498 NOTESpresent edition, Vol. 9, p
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500 NOTES5The Bulygin Duma—the co
Page 508 and 509:
502 NOTES12131415An analysis of the
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504 NOTES22revisionist elements. Th
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506 NOTES313233The St. Petersburg C
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508 NOTES373839merged with the ‘P
Page 516 and 517:
510 NOTES474849Briefe und Auszüge
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512 NOTES53Zemstvo and the Hannibal
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514 NOTES565758Zarya (Dawn)—a Mar
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516 NOTES6465666768and elucidating
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518 NOTES75 The Conference of the S
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520 NOTES79808182private property a
Page 528 and 529:
522 NOTES8889in 1905 by the Bureves
Page 530 and 531:
524 NOTES10410510610710810911011111
Page 532 and 533:
526 NOTESthe land as private proper
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528 NOTES12212312412512612712812912
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530 NOTES141142143144145146general
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532 NOTES15315415515615715815916016
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534 NOTES169170171171a172173Zagrani
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5371o07June, after22 (July 5)June 2
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THE LIFE AND WORK OF V. I. LENIN539
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THE LIFE AND WORK OF V. I. LENIN541
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BLANKthick paper
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BLANKRear inside cover
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