Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 13 - From Marx to Mao

NOTES52183Mention was made in this connection of the trade unions, whichrejected the idea of a mass political strike as being anarchistic.The Mannheim Congress did not openly condemn the opportunistposition of the trade unions, but recommended all party members tojoin trade-union organisations, and trade-union members to jointhe S.D. Party “in order to infuse the spirit of Social-Democracyinto the trade-union movement”. p. 162Die Neue Zeit—the theoretical journal of the German Social-DemocraticParty, published in Stuttgart from 1883 to 1923. Up to October1917 it was edited by Karl Kautsky and subsequently by HeinrichCunow. Some of the works of Marx and Engels were first publishedin its columns, among them Marx’s Critique of the GothaProgramme and Engels’s Contribution to the Critique of theDraft Social-Democratic Programme of 1891. Engels regularlyhelped the editors with suggestions and advice and often criticisedthem for departures from Marxism. Contributors included AugustBebel, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Franz Mehring,Clara Zetkin, Paul Lafargue, G. V. Plekhanov, and other leadingfigures in the German and international labour movement of thelate nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Beginning with thelate nineties, after the death of Engels, the Neue Zeit made a regularpractice of publishing articles by revisionists, notably Bernstein’sseries “Problems of Socialism”, which launched the revisionists’campaign against Marxism. During the First World War thejournal adopted a Centrist stand, in effect supporting the socialchauvinists.p. 16284Nozdrev—a character from Gogol’s Dead Souls, typifying abullying landlord and cheat. p. 164858687Osvobozhdeniye ( Emancipation)—a fortnightly journal publishedabroad from June 18 (July 1), 1902 to October 5 (18), 1905 underthe editorship of P. Struve. It was the organ of the Russian liberalbourgeoisie and expounded the ideas of moderate monarchistliberalism. In 1903, the Osvobozhdeniye League was formed aroundthe journal, taking definite shape in January 1904 and existinguntil October 1905. Together with the Zemstvo constitutionaliststhe Osvobozhdeniye liberals formed the core of the Constitutional-Democratic Party (the Cadets), which was founded in October 1905,and became the chief party of the liberal-monarchist bourgeoisiein Russia. p. 165This refers to the armed uprising of the workers against the autocracyin December 1905. p. 167The Agrarian Question and the “Critics of Marx” was writtenbetween 1901 and 1907. The first four chapters were published inZarya, Nos. 2-3, for December 1901, under the title “The ‘Critics’on the Agrarian Question (First Essay)”; the contribution bore thesignature of N. Lenin. The chapters were published legally in Odessa