Collected Works of V. I. Lenin - Vol. 13 - From Marx to Mao

512 NOTES53Zemstvo and the Hannibals of Liberalism; What Is To Be Done?;One Step Forward, Two Steps Back; The Zemstvo Campaign andIskra’s Plan; Two Tactics of Social-Democracy in the DemocraticRevolution. The first volume came off the press in November 1907(the cover gives the date 1908) and was confiscated soon after itsappearance but a large part of the edition was saved, the bookcontinued to circulate illegally.Volume II was to contain Lenin’s writings on the agrarian question.Owing to persecution by the censorship it was decided todrop the title Twelve Years and to issue the second volume in twoparts: part one to contain the legal works published in 1899 in thesymposium Economic Studies and Essays; part two the illegalworks. Lenin included in the second volume his book The AgrarianProgramme of Social-Democracy in the First Russian Revolution,1905-1907, which he had just completed. This plan of publication,however, was not realised. Only the first part of Volume II underthe title The Agrarian Question came out in the beginning of 1908,containing the following writings: A Characterisation of EconomicRomanticism, The Handicraft Census of 1894-95 in Perm Guberniaand General Problems of “Handicraft” Industry, and The AgrarianQuestion and the “Critics of Marx” (Chapters I-XI). Part two of thesecond volume for which The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the First Russian Revolution, 1905-1907 had been setup, was confiscated by the police in the printing-press anddestroyed.Volume III was to contain programmatic and polemicalarticles which had appeared in the Bolshevik press (Iskra, Vperyod,Proletary, Novaya Zhizn, and others). The intensification of repressionand censorship persecution against revolutionary literatureprevented the publication of the third volume. p. 94The Emancipation of Labour group—the first Russian Marxistgroup founded by G. V. Plekhanov in Switzerland in 1883. Othermembers of the group were P. B. Axelrod, L. G. Deutsch, VeraZasulich, and V. N. Ignatov.The Emancipation of Labour group did a great deal for the propagandaof Marxism in Russia. It translated into Russian, publishedabroad, and distributed in Russia Marx’s and Engels’s Manifestoof the Communist Party, Marx’s Wage-Labour and Capital,Engels’s Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, and other works by thefounders of Marxism, and also popularised Marxism in its own publications.Their work dealt a severe blow to Narodism, which wasthe chief ideological obstacle to the spread of Marxism and thedevelopment of the Social-Democratic movement in Russia. Inhis Socialism and the Political Struggle (1883), Our Differences(1885), and other writings, Plekhanov criticised the reactionaryviews of the Narodniks from the Marxist standpoint (their viewsconcerning the non-capitalist path of Russia’s development, denialof the leading role of the proletariat in the revolutionary movement,their subjective-idealistic view on the role of the individual inhistory, etc.). Plekhanov’s two drafts of a programme for RussianSocial-Democrats (1883 and 1885) published by the Emancipation