A Paradise Lost - KOPS - Universität Konstanz

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epresentative of ‘progress’ and ‘development’ that threaten Local fishing, eroding a Local past. 539 The title of Sumida’s study And the View from the Shore stresses the need for a Hawai’i- centered perspective as much as Hall’s earlier admonition to “turn and face the mountains of Manoa.” With “Da Mainland to Me,” Joe Balaz has written a poem that reiterates this perspective: Wat you mean continent brah?! Da mainland is da mainland, dats where you goin, eh?! Eh, like I told you, dats da continent – Hawai’i is da mainland to me. 540 As the term ‘Local’ indicates, a strong sense of place is central to the formation of a Local identity. Charlene Gima states: Certainly one major commonality that people in Hawai’i share – perhaps more so than on the continent – is locality, a definite geographical community. That is to say, people in Hawai’i all live on these islands, this volcanic chain that is separated from other lands (and thereby other communities) by thousands of miles of ocean. 541 The surrounding ocean is another creatively appropriated space, alternately cast as border and refuge, antagonist and cradle, sacred and threatening, healing and challenging. 539 Fujikane 1996: 89. 540 “Da Mainland to me,” in Balaz 1999. 541 Gima 1997: 19-20. 206
5.4.1 Reclaiming Hawaiian Space We try to scrub away the mud from the taro patch, but the mud’s embedded in our pores and fingerprints. Jennifer Lighty – “The Land of Curving Water” 542 Talking about her poetry, part-Hawaiian writer Puanani Burgess charts the course native writing and thinking has to take in order to reclaim place through language: Instead of stopping at “the crying of what went wrong, […] the recognition of the facts of our history and our oppression,” […] you must remember that this is Hawaiian land. This is not America. That is an artificial distinction. It doesn’t make any sense. We are not part of that continent. We are really not part of that history. […] what we have to do is find the symbols that stand for us, the kalo, the wai, the ‘aina, […] symbols which work for this place which is not America, for this time for these people who live here. 543 Starting from such a native viewpoint, Burgess makes a point of including “all the different people who come and call Hawai’i their home.” In 1985, part-Hawaiian poet Dana Naone Hall edited a collection of poetry, short fiction, and essays entitled Malama: Hawaiian Land and Water (malama = light, ma’lama = to take care). She assembled texts that focused on place, asserting that “all the work reflects in some way a distinctly Hawaiian relationship to the life of the place” (7), even if the writers did not all have Hawaiian blood. Reflecting the variety of such relationships, the selection ranges from chants and their translations to petitions and the retelling of indigenous myths. A genuine belief in the sacredness of the land (and the sea) as well as an insistence on the ‘proper,’ the ‘original’ names and functions of specific places permeate the texts. They evoke Local mana, because, in Haunani-Kay Trask’s words: “culture and place / together / made of us / what we are” (141). However, this 542 Jennifer Lighty, “The Land of Curving Water,” in Bamboo Ridge No. 79 (Spring 2001): 72-3, here 73. 543 Quoted from Boro 1993: 20-1. Kalo = taro plant; wai = fresh water. 207
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A PARADISE LOST: MAPPING CONTEMPORA
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Das vierte Kapitel beschreibt die E
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Abstract This study is the first to
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5.1.4 Personal History: Poetry and
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No alien land in all the world has
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place for them on the map of ideas
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scant consideration of native Hawai
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time, we are all being distanced a
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mainland term, or ‘Hawaiian’ li
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the novel is to prevent his daughte
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uniqueness. Hawaii’s history of s
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end.” 44 Postcolonialism is often
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nation, in this case, the United St
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with the imperial power, and by emp
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strategy will be employed to analyz
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intermingling… It rejoices in mon
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grid of interdependence.” 78 Echo
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form and the resulting disjunction
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‘postmodern condition’ we all a
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each discourse stems from different
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as much an “India of the mind”
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If ‘the Caribbean’ is conveyed
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Hawai’i is a U.S. state, but its
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Another common aspect of discarding
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decolonization, independence, and n
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not only were all the eleven territ
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solidarity as a bulwark against the
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Subramani discloses how the modern
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At no time in my undergraduate Engl
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epresentativeness, a cautioning aga
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the issei. Few had gone against the
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Yogi names David Mura, Cynthia Kado
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accepted ethnicities. 191 The book
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Cobb (Keller), Gary Pak, and Cathy
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[…] I learned to make my mind lar
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chapter will illustrate. After the
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academic departments began offering
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American terms. Recalling a rhetori
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No need to hear your voice when I c
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In the mid-19 th century, the first
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His admiration of the physical abil
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to come home at dusk, waiting with
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chant and hula performances, kahuna
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Demographically, Japanese Hawaiians
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at schools. 255 Such pervasive draw
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half-jokingly he asked me, ‘Was t
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Michener’s claim that “these Or
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As may be expected, Sumida’s past
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various aspects that And the View f
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accumulation of several aspects in
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writers, exhibiting a neo-colonial
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without divinity to sustain them, h
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contract laborers, Stone of Kannon
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different groups anxiously saw to i
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into a complex and unfair world is
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advice as spells and protection rit
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hiding one’s true self, the ambig
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Gary Pak is another writer of Korea
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their lives and reminiscing on hers
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Fuckin’ Kahaluu used to be mean.
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future that is sharply contrasted b
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understands some of the inequities
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make a major mainland publishing sp
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joining their forebears. Jess will
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printed nothing but poems. Sentimen
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American Samoa to maintain his inte
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adulthood and history. […] In bot
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You find you need China: your one f
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“and disappears”). One of the f
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In general, these poems reach beyon
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In “Tutu on da Curb,” the old l
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similarly reduced to gestures, look
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see that it doesn’t matter what f
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I thought of weather like a sailor
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the rubric “Asian Pacific America
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The texts collected in ‘Oiwi deal
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in the two ‘Oiwi issues can be ex
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had no rival in its casting of ligh
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Through a series of improvisational
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In colonial situations, resistance
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a homogeneous society. Their report
Page 163 and 164: I had been here nearly thirty years
Page 165 and 166: While this may be true, this statem
Page 167 and 168: tradition that is our own. […] we
Page 169 and 170: “Juk,” criticizing its lost nos
Page 171 and 172: You come with me In your dark brood
Page 173 and 174: the Hawaiian situation and as an ob
Page 175 and 176: plantation hierarchy are especially
Page 177 and 178: argues: “As Asian American writer
Page 179 and 180: Grace, easy. Joseph, easier. Blue-c
Page 181 and 182: other sensitive readers have been r
Page 183 and 184: In 1999, Marie Hara and Nora Okja K
Page 185 and 186: Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Filip
Page 187 and 188: mean, Asian, sistah? You Chinee, o
Page 189 and 190: Cantonese words. 465 In the 1820s,
Page 191 and 192: Standard system.” 472 In any case
Page 193 and 194: In spite of its widespread appeal i
Page 195 and 196: they invite the reader to sound out
Page 197 and 198: poetry than the original: “What c
Page 199 and 200: As mentioned in the history chapter
Page 201 and 202: In Rodney Morales’ collection The
Page 203 and 204: da point.” The uncompromising Pid
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Page 209 and 210: Although there might be literal tra
Page 211 and 212: The Hawaiian language is thus firml
Page 213: 5.4 Place I would not have traded p
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Page 219 and 220: matters Hawaiian. “We are native
Page 221 and 222: A far cry from Kahoolawe, an experi
Page 223 and 224: As Gayle Sato argues in her Amerasi
Page 225 and 226: Remembering his former failure to u
Page 227 and 228: Grant published such ‘factional
Page 229 and 230: It is still here, just like Hawai
Page 231 and 232: Mrs. Zane can speak several dialect
Page 233 and 234: flowers glowing like stars in the g
Page 235 and 236: While Native Hawaiian nationalists
Page 237 and 238: of an area that was to be cleared f
Page 239 and 240: outlook: “This is all, of course,
Page 241 and 242: Old Man and the Sea in their home t
Page 243 and 244: The most violent act James Cook cou
Page 245 and 246: slashed hand as if it were “somet
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Page 249 and 250: In such passages, Davenport manages
Page 251 and 252: to our young Pacific writers: that
Page 253 and 254: though in a Local (Asian/native) co
Page 255 and 256: Balaz, Joe. Electric Laulau. CD. Ho
Page 257 and 258: Dissertation: University of Michiga
Page 259 and 260: Identity in the New Pacific. Pacifi
Page 261 and 262: McGaw, Martha Mary, Sister. Stevens
Page 263 and 264: the Rest of the World. London: Rout
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Trask, Haunani-Kay. From a Native D
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Appendix I: Hawaiian History in Dat
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1863: Kamehameha IV dies and is suc
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1924: The U.S. Congress passes Hawa
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