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A Paradise Lost - KOPS - Universität Konstanz

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5.1.4 Personal History: Poetry and Fiction 126<br />

5.2 Ethnicity 140<br />

5.2.1 What Is a Native Hawaiian? 141<br />

5.2.2 Sovereignty 151<br />

5.2.3 The Dilemma of Being Haole 155<br />

5.2.4 Ethnic Asian Identities 158<br />

5.2.5 The Politics of Ethnic Literature: Lois-Ann Yamanaka and the<br />

Question of Representation 164<br />

5.2.6 Being of Mixed Ancestry: Hapa 174<br />

5.3 Language 180<br />

5.3.1 Hawaiian, English, and “Pidgin” 180<br />

5.3.2 Pidgin in Literature: The Canon 185<br />

5.3.3 “Da Pidgin Guerilla” and Other Contemporary Hawaiian Creole<br />

English Writers 189<br />

5.3.4 The Hawaiian Language in Local Literature 198<br />

5.3.5 Other Literary Languages: Some Examples 203<br />

5.4 Place 205<br />

5.4.1 Reclaiming Hawaiian Space 207<br />

5.4.2 Kaho’olawe 210<br />

5.4.3 “Local Sensibilities” 214<br />

5.4.4 Community 225<br />

5.4.5 “Blue Skin” or “Speed of Darkness”: The Ocean as Local Space 232<br />

6. Center Stage: Conclusions on Hawaii’s Location on the Literary Map 241<br />

7. Outlook: Future Tasks 244<br />

8. Bibliography 246<br />

Appendix I: Hawaiian History in Dates 259<br />

Appendix II: Island Maps 264<br />

vi

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