Industrial Biotransformations

Carnitine dehydratase
Escherichia coli
N +
N +
1a
1b
1) Reaction conditions
[1a]: 0.69 M, 70 g · L –1 [102.11 g · mol –1 ]
[1b]: 0.67 M, 70 g · L –1 [104.13 g · mol –1 ]
[2]: > 0.58 M, 70 g · L –1 [120.13 g · mol –1 ]
pH: 7.0
T: 30 °C
medium: aqueous
reaction type: C-O bond cleavage by elimination of water
catalyst: whole cell
enzyme: carnitine: NAD + 3-oxidoreductase (l-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase, l-carnitine
strain:
hydrolyase, carnitine dehydratase)
mutant strain of Agrobacterium/Rhizobium HK 1331-b, microorganisms DSM
3225 (HK1331-b), Pseudomonas putida T1
CAS (enzyme): [104382–17–4]
2) Remarks
● Agrobacterium produces only l-carnitine.
E
1)+ H2O
2) -[H]
+
N COOH
OH
(R)-2
EC 4.2.1.89
1a = crotonobetaine
1b = 4-butyrobetaine
2 = L-carnitine (3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylamino)butanoate) Lonza AG
Fig. 4.2.1.89 – 1
COO -
COO -
● 4-Butyrobetaine is degraded via a reaction sequence that might be compared with the β-oxidation
of fatty acids:
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