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netLibrary - eBook Summary Structure-based Drug Design by ...

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Page 181<br />

form the lower end of the tunnel. The major effect of the different residues found here is on the diameter<br />

of the exit hole in the S1' tunnel. However, there are some residues that could be targeted for hydrogenbond<br />

formation.<br />

The S2' binding cavity is a narrow cleft that can easily accommodate a peptide backbone, but with no<br />

room for a side chain. The interaction of the P2' side chain is made with the exterior surface of the<br />

enzyme. The S2' site is exposed to solvent and presents two possible interaction sites for bound<br />

inhibitors that are related <strong>by</strong> a rotation about χ1. These sites consist of residues 179–180 on one side and<br />

residues 238–240 on the other.<br />

The S3' binding cavity opens up out of the canyon and consists almost entirely of surface interactions.<br />

The side chain of P3' interacts with residues 210 and 240, which are mostly conserved tyrosine residues.<br />

Additional interactions could be formed with some of the additional residues found in the insertions<br />

after residue 242.<br />

VI. <strong>Structure</strong>-Based <strong>Design</strong><br />

<strong>Structure</strong>-<strong>based</strong> drug design is an iterative process that starts with a lead compound, a structural model<br />

of the target, and a structure-activity relationship<br />

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