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Figure 12<br />

The open end of IL-1β, shown as a surface. The positions of some of the<br />

residues that have been subjected to site-directed mutagenesis studies have<br />

been marked. Produced using the program GRASP [108].<br />

Page 418<br />

weak agonist. Peptide 47–55 (VQGEESNDK) has been identified as an activator of T cells. It also<br />

stimulates glycosaminoglycan synthesis, excites antitumor activity in vivo, and lacks proinflammatory<br />

and pyrogenic activities [70]. Later a shorter segment (49–53 = GEESN) with higher activity than 47–55<br />

has been identified. Peptides <strong>based</strong> on IL-1α and IL-1β sequences were claimed to induce production of<br />

prostaglandin E2 but actually maintain other biological activities. Few other peptides or peptidecontaining<br />

epitopes were identified <strong>by</strong> using neutralizing antibodies. Labriola-Tompkins and his<br />

colleagues have reported obtaining epitopes for neutralizing antibodies <strong>by</strong> fractionation of a goat<br />

polyclonal antiserum over columns containing individual immobilized synthetic<br />

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