10.12.2012 Views

netLibrary - eBook Summary Structure-based Drug Design by ...

netLibrary - eBook Summary Structure-based Drug Design by ...

netLibrary - eBook Summary Structure-based Drug Design by ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Document<br />

16<br />

Progress in the <strong>Design</strong> of Immunomodulators Based on the <strong>Structure</strong> of<br />

Interleukin-1<br />

Glen Spraggon<br />

University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California<br />

Pandi Veerapandian<br />

Axiom Biotechnologies, Inc., San Diego, California, and<br />

La Jolla Institute for Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, California<br />

I. Introduction<br />

Page 395<br />

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines exhibit both normal and pathological effects in almost<br />

every tissue and organ system and, as such, have been associated with cells engaged in the immune<br />

response, inflammatory cells, and cells engaged in development, differentiation, and repair processes<br />

[1–4]. Interleukin-1 can produce either a direct response on one specific target cell or act as an indirect<br />

effector molecule, inducing the expression of a variety of genes and synthesis of several proteins such as<br />

IL-2–IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), colony-stimulating factors (CSF), platelet-derived factors<br />

(PDFs), and other cytokines. Pathologically uncontrolled, IL-1 activity can induce disease states and has<br />

been linked to septic shock, the growth of acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, inflammation<br />

associated with arthritis and colitis, development of atherosclerotic plaques, insulin-dependent diabetes,<br />

osteoporosis, parsitemia, and cancer [1,5,6]. Strategies to treat such diseases are being developed and<br />

usually involve the inhibition of IL-1 synthesis or the blocking of its activity [7]. The therapeutic<br />

advantage of reducing the activity of IL-1 resides in preventing its deleterious biological effects without<br />

interfering with homeostasis. In order to achieve such a goal, an understanding of the structure-function<br />

relationship of the IL-1 family of proteins at the molecular level is important. Such a knowledge could<br />

lead to the design and development of<br />

http://legacy.netlibrary.com/nlreader/nlReader.dll?bookid=12640&filename=Page_395.html [4/5/2004 5:44:01 PM]

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!