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Table 1 Percent Identity Between Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Sequences Shown in Figure 3<br />

Page 197<br />

11β-HSD-2 17β-HSD-2 17β-HSD-3 17β-HSD-1 11β-HSD-1 17β-HSD-4<br />

11β-HSD-2 0.00 46.1 20.3 28.6 20.6 18.1<br />

17β-HSD-2 0.0 21.1 21.2 17.7 18.9<br />

17β-HSD-3 0.0 19.1 19.6 17.5<br />

17β-HSD-1 0.0 21.1 20.4<br />

11β-HSD-1 0.0 17.1<br />

17β-HSD-4 0.0<br />

dehydrogenases. Knowledge of structure-activity relationships for the binding site on steroid<br />

dehydrogenases will be helpful in identifying novel compounds from plants and other sources that could<br />

be useful in regulating steroid dehydrogenases.<br />

At this time, we are just beginning to work on this ambitious goal. Structural information is limited. The<br />

3-D structure of 17β-HSD type 1 has been determined [28], but without the steroid or cofactor in the<br />

binding site. Fortunately, 11β-HSD and 17β-HSD belong to a large family of enzymes that are called<br />

short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases [29–31] or sec-alcohol dehydrogenases [32]. The structures of<br />

dehydrogenase homologs in bacteria, plants, and animals have been determined [33–37] and we used<br />

them as templates for modeling 11β-HSD and 17β-HSD [38,39]. There also is information about the<br />

effects of mutations on catalytic activity in 11β-HSD-1 [40] and 17β-HSD-1 [41] and in homologs,<br />

especially for Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) [42–48]. Together they enable us to begin to<br />

understand the relationship between structure and function in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, as we<br />

discuss in this chapter.<br />

II. Methods<br />

A. Molecular Modeling<br />

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