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KM. Importance of highly conserved anionic residues and electrostatic interactions in the activity and<br />

structure of the cardiotonic polypeptide anthopleurin B. Biochemistry 1996; 35:3503–3507), it was<br />

concluded that Asp7 may be important for folding, Asp9 may be important for protein folding and<br />

interaction with the sodium channel, and Lys37 for channel interaction. In the second (Dias-Kadambi<br />

BL, Drum CL, Hanck DA, Blumenthal KM. Leucine 18, a hydrophobic residue essential for high<br />

affinity binding of anthopleurin-B to the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. J Biol Chem 1996;<br />

271:9422–9428), Leu18 was shown to be important for binding, with several hundred fold losses in<br />

affinity being associated with its mutation to Val or Ala. This residue is adjacent to the surface<br />

highlighted in Figure 6.<br />

References<br />

2. van Zwieten PA. Pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure. Currently used and experimental<br />

drugs. Pharmacy World and Science 1994; 16:234–242.<br />

Page 315<br />

1. Ho KKL,<br />

Anderson<br />

KM, Kannel<br />

WB,<br />

Grossman<br />

W, Levy D.<br />

Survival<br />

after the<br />

onset of<br />

congestive<br />

heart failure<br />

in<br />

Framingham<br />

heart study<br />

subjects.<br />

Circulation<br />

1993;<br />

88:107–115.<br />

3. Lewis RJ. Digitalis: a drug that refuses to die. Critical Care Medicine 1990; 18:S5–S13.<br />

4. DiBianco R, Shabetai R, Kostuk W, Moran J, Schlant RC, Wright R. A comparison of oral milrinone,<br />

digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med<br />

1989; 320:677–683.<br />

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