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B. Peptidomimetic <strong>Drug</strong>s: Concepts, Strategies, and Technologies<br />

Page 563<br />

Historically, the major focus of peptidomimetic design has evolved from receptor-targeted drug<br />

discovery research and has not been directly impacted <strong>by</strong> an experimentally-determined 3D structure of<br />

the target protein. Nevertheless, a hierarchial approach of peptide rarrow.gif peptidomimetic molecular<br />

design and chemical modification has evolved over the past two decades, <strong>based</strong> on systematic<br />

transformation of a peptide ligand and iterative analysis of the structure-activity and structureconformation<br />

relationships of “second generation” analogs (Figure 3). Such work has typically<br />

integrated biophysical techniques (x-ray crystallography and/or NMR spectroscopy) and computerassisted<br />

molecular modeling with biological testing to advance peptidomimetic drug design.<br />

A plethora of sophisticated synthetic chemistry approaches have entered into the arena of peptide-<strong>based</strong><br />

molecular design, including well-established applications of unusual amino acids and dipeptide<br />

surrogates, among other types of chemical modifications. Such backbone or side chain modifications<br />

may afford stability of the parent peptide to peptidases and have provided conceptual impetus for yet<br />

more sophisticated molecular design and peptidomimetic chemistry studies [1-18]. For example, a few<br />

of the known amide bond replacements (Figure 4) include: aminomethylene or Ψ [CH 2NH], 1;<br />

ketomethylene or Ψ[COCH 2], 2; ethylene or Ψ[CH 2CH 2], 3; olefin or Ψ[CH=CH], 4; ether or<br />

Figure 3<br />

Hierarchial approach in peptide rarrow.gif peptidomimetic structure-<strong>based</strong> drug design<br />

http://legacy.netlibrary.com/nlreader/nlReader.dll?bookid=12640&filename=Page_563.html [4/9/2004 1:00:07 AM]

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