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4. Kebutuhan Menurut Wujud....................................................................163<br />
5. Kebutuhan Menurut Subyek..................................................................163<br />
C. UPAYA MANUSIA MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN...........................................165<br />
D. ALAT PEMUAS KEBUTUHAN ......................................................................168<br />
E. NILAI KEGUNAAN.............................................................................................170<br />
F. MASALAH POKOK EKONOMI .....................................................................172<br />
G. RINGKASAN ......................................................................................................174<br />
BAB 4............................................................................................................................176<br />
KONSEP-KONSEP EKONOMI.................................................................................176<br />
A. KEGIATAN PEREKONOMIAN ........................................................................176<br />
B. PRODUKSI ........................................................................................................177<br />
C. SISTEM PEREKONOMIAN ............................................................................184<br />
1. Sistem Ekonomi Pasar Bebas atau Liberal .......................................184<br />
2. Sistem Ekonomi Campuran...................................................................187<br />
3. Sistem Ekonomi Perencanaan Terpusat atau Terencana..............187<br />
4. Sistem Ekonomi Kapitalis Pasar Negara Maju ......................................188<br />
5. Ekonomi Sosialis Pasar...............................................................................189<br />
D. PELAKU KEGIATAN EKONOMI...................................................................190<br />
E. PRINSIP EKONOMI .........................................................................................191<br />
F. MOTIF EKONOMI.............................................................................................194<br />
G. PERMINTAAN (DEMAND)...........................................................................195<br />
H. PENAWARAN (SUPPLY) ...............................................................................197<br />
I. KESEIMBANGAN HARGA.............................................................................199<br />
J. BENTUK-BENTUK STRUKTUR PASAR.....................................................203<br />
1. Pasar Persaingan Sempurna ................................................................205<br />
2. Pasar Monopolistik..................................................................................205<br />
3. Pasar Oligopoli .........................................................................................205<br />
4. Pasar Monopoli.........................................................................................205<br />
K. KAPITAL..............................................................................................................206<br />
1. Sumber-Sumber Kapital ..............................................................................208<br />
f. Investasi asing................................................................................................213<br />
L. TEKNOLOGI DAN FUNGSI WIRASWASTA.................................................218<br />
1. Teknologi.........................................................................................................219<br />
2. Wiraswasta......................................................................................................221<br />
3. Terbentuknya Wiraswasta ..........................................................................223<br />
4. Inovasi..............................................................................................................224<br />
M. RINGKASAN ......................................................................................................229<br />
BAB 5............................................................................................................................232<br />
STRUKTUR SOSIAL..................................................................................................232<br />
A. MASYARAKAT ..................................................................................................233<br />
1. Komunitas (community) ..............................................................................234<br />
2. Pengelompokkan Masyarakat....................................................................234<br />
B. PELAPISAN MASYARAKAT...........................................................................236<br />
1. Sifat-Sifat Lapisan Masyarakat ..................................................................239<br />
2. Kelas-Kelas dalam Masyarajat (Social Classes) ..............................240<br />
3. Dasar Lapisan Masyarakat ....................................................................241<br />
4. Unsur-Unsur Lapisan Masyarakat .......................................................242<br />
C. STRUKTUR SOSIAL.........................................................................................247<br />
D. PRANATA SOSIAL ...........................................................................................259<br />
1. Ciri Umum Pranata Sosial...........................................................................259<br />
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