Sociedade, Tecnologia e Inovação Empresarial - Presidente da ...

experienced with the salaries of CEOs, most of the times enlarged withstock options. Still the 90’s and the years to come offer a clear, newpicture which also changes the European context in which technologiesare diffusing, innovations made and employment created.From national systems of innovation to the knowledge-drivensociety: a process of internationalisationThe evolution of the wage-labour nexus and of the financing conditions,discussed above in the two previous sections, has had a directinfluence on the diffusion of the new technological system centred onnew information and communication technologies. In the first place,the institutional changes in the late 80’s and 90’s were in line with theemergence of a new economy where individual knowledge was moredirectly in a reactive and creative interaction with all kinds of codifiedknowledge embodied in equipment and organisations. Knowledge managementand capital risk financing, which only became major issues inthe 90’s, are effectively two key factors driving the development anddiffusion of new technologies. Knowledge and finance condition, theflow of inventions and the speed of diffusion of new technologies.As a result, developing and putting to use the potential of new technologiesis only since less than a decade on the forefront of economicdevelopment. The 80’s were from this perspective a very first, preliminaryphase of restructuring whereby the labour market and financemarkets only gained some room for manœuvre in cutting through old,dominant linkages. This view fits of course the historians general findingthat transitions from one technological system to another takestime as Freeman (1987) and David (1991) in particular stressed and isaccompanied by innumerable institutional mismatches. Yet, at the sametime despite the valuable insights, such historical comparisons do notallow one to infer that transitions will necessarily and always followsimilar patterns. On the contrary the specificities of each technologicalparadigm, the space and time in which it develops, all suggest thatphasing and sequencing will differ. Consequently, one has to be care-Debates3 0 0Sociedade, Tecnologia e Inovação Empresarial