The management and treatment of the horse in the stable, field, and ...

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i44 The Management and Treatment of the Hoi 'se } there is no way to ascertain the quantity of blood taken, nor can the degree of inflammation be satisfactorily investigated, therefore it is only in cases of necessity that it is to be applied, as it may not only occasion much pain to the horse, but also a great deal of trouble to the opera- tor. The megrims is a very dangerous disease, not only to the horse, but to the driver, and in many instances the horse will die instantaneously, and frequently drop without the slightest previous indication of illness. If a horse has had one attack of this malady he is liable to a return of it, and is never to be trusted afterwards, although proper means have been adopted to prevent a recurrence of it. The most prudent plan is to part with the animal. STAGGERS OR APOPLEXY. This disease, like sleepy or stomach staggers, is caused by a deranged state of the digestive organs, and this m too many instances is the result of over-feeding and feeding with unwholesome food ; some persons are so foolish as to suppose that the horse may eat as much grain as it can consume, and that it will do no harm ; this is a serious mistake, for even without water the grain will swell in the stomach, and being over-loaded indigestion follows, the stomach being too much distended to allow it to perform its natural office, hence the head is affected. As in the animal economy a very intimate connexion exists between the brain and the stomach, each reciprocally influencing the other. The want of fresh air and exercise with horses that are over well-fed also tend
In the Stable, Field, and on the Road. 145 strongly to derange the stomach, especially in warm weather. Ihe bracing influence of exercise being wanted to give energy to the actions of the intestinal canal, the food frequently lodges there. This is also caused by the food being bad. Another cause is neglecting to water horses at regular intervals. This element is peculiarly necessary to animals living upon dry food. Every horse, as I have said before, should be watered regularly, cart horses at least four times each day, and in some cases when working very hard even more frequently in small quantities. In staggers of the apoplexy type, the symptoms are a low hanging of the head, either supporting it on the manger or extending it nearly to the ground ; it moves to and fro while standing, and seems liable to fall at every move- ment. Its sight and hearing are much impaired, it will remain in this position from one to twelve hours, and then falls ; its eyes are open and protruding, with a fixed seemedly unconscious stare, with the pupils much dilated; it grinds its teeth, the whole frame manifests twitchings, the vein of the neck is much inflected, its muzzle cold, and in attempting to swallow the drink is returned through the nostrils and mouth, and it dungs involuntarily ; strong convulsive twitchings follow, and these are the certain prelude to death. In the first stage of this disease it comes on progres- sively with depression, sleepiness and feebleness, which is indicated by dulness of the eye, as it increases it presses its head against the wall or rack, and when aroused from this position it seems alarmed. In this complaint the remedies require to be prompt and
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