The management and treatment of the horse in the stable, field, and ...

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230 The Management and Treatment of the Horse, constitute together the life cycle of a creature ex- pressly organized to lead a parasite life. I have never yet heard of an English butcher who had ever seen one of these parasites, and yet I believe that at this moment at least 10,000 persons in this country are playing the part of host to these creatures. Butchers are profoundly ignorant in this respect. You will say, How do cattle get the parasite ? I will explain Millions of these creatures pass from their human bearers every day in this country, with other things that are vile, and make their way into the sewage, which it is now the fashion to spread over the land, far and wide, and are thus distributed by millions upon the delightful verdure on which our cattle graze." These eggs are thus often taken into the mouths of animals along Avith green fodder ; every egg swallowed from fresh sewage becomes a measle, and every measle that is in the flesh of the animal goes to market, and is thenceforth liable to be sold and eaten, and will afterwards become a tapeworm, providing the purchaser does not take the precaution of having the food properly cooked. Here is the value of reason—the animal neither reasons about it, nor does it cook its food ; if we would avoid these things ourselves, we must simply have the food well cooked. A temperature of 160°, if continued will be sufficient to kill trichinae, whilst 140° will kill cysticercus bovis. The horse becomes affected with tapeworm in the same manner as cattle. When the symp- toms we have pointed out are noticed, the groom should carefully watch whether worms are voided, to ascertain their existence. Stiil, however, they may be lodged in
In the Stable, Field, and on the Road. 231 the intestines without being evacuated, and when there is well-grounded suspicion that they inhabit the body, a dose of some vermifuge should be given. This may consist of eight grains of calomel made into a ball, with oatmeal and treacle, or one drachm of powdered male fern may be given in its stead. For rQund worms the following may be given :—Calomel two drachms, rhubarb one and a-half drachm, soccoline aloes two drachms, ginger two drachms. If it is necessary to repeat the anthelmintic, then the following may be given :—Calomel one and a-half drachm, aniseed in powder half an ounce, powdered scammony half a drachm, to be given at night, and the following purgative in the morning:—Aloes five drachms, ginger two drachms, made into a ball with treacle. When the animal is infested with ascavides, the same medicine should be given as for round worm, but it frequently has not the desired effect. Indeed, I doubt if it is not the best practice to use injections at the first ; these should be of linseed oil one quart, or aloes dissolved in warm water one ounce ; this should be used in combination with the above medicine. If the existence of tapeworm is appre- hended, then the following should be given after the calomel and male fern :—Turpentine half an ounce, castor oil two ounces, gum-arabic in powder one ounce, made into a ball with treacle. Warm mashes should be given for a day or two afterwards. It seldom happens that the animals are entirely expelled with one dose, therefore it is necessary to repeat the doses, for unless we are certain that the entire animal has been discharged, our work is not half complete, as if
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