Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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Vallikkunnu Service co-operative bank Ariyallur service cooperative bank Thiruthi aikyananaya sahakaranasangham Source: Offices of various Panchayats Artistic Traditions readymade industrial cooperative Motor transport co-operative Weaver’s cooperative Vallikkunnu coir industrial co-operative Kizhayil coir co-operative Kadalundi nagaram coir co-operative Kodakkad oil pressing cooperative Tile workers co-operative Walking took us to a number of individuals and groups with creative talents. We have already noted the number of clubs found mostly in mini-market centers. There were several others working in rented buildings or even thatched sheds who were conducting cultural activities on their own. In Nannambra we met experts of the parisamuttukali, an art form now becoming extinct. There is a place in Nannambra called pakitakalikkunnu, which was famous for the traditional form dicing called pakitakali. Several persons who live there are experts in pakitakali. C.K.Nagar in Tirurangadi is a centre of the old practice of vayppattu sung along with marriage. C.K Nagar is a place for male singers while kodinji is a place for female singers. However, the female singers in Kodinji are at present too old or have expired. The younger generation is not taking to traditional vayppattu in a big way. Kolkkali, the martial dance form among the Mappilas is also suffering the same fate. Tirurangadi was a centre of this art form, and there professional
kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now kolkali is surviving as a stage art rather than a martial dance, and the generation of professional kolkali players is fast disappearing. Duff Mutt, another mappila art form has not been traditionally popular in the area, and is now another stage item. There are several standard mappilapattu singers in the area, and also very good composers. They could even convert contemporary events in the traditional lyrical form, for example in the forms of song called chinth and kessupattu. The tradition of Islamic songs in honour of religious heroes, called mala seem to have continued to the present, as in the composition named kudrat mala. Thottam singing in kavus is another traditional ritual art form. Each bhagavathi has her specific thottams sung for her, and they are the prerogative of specific families. The rituals in a kavu owned by urakath house in Kundoor was discontinued, because the perumannan who could sing the thottam had died and no one in the family could sing it. Kaliyattakkavu has several songs and thottam and the perumannans and the cherumans could sing them. Pattulsavam which involves the thottam singing is major ritual in all the kavus. When agriculture was flourishing singing during the time of sowing (Nateel pattu) and reaping (Koythupattu) were popular. It has not totally disappeared, and we could actually watch and hear the nateel pattu of women on the way from Thayyilakkadavu to Pappannur. Of course, the younger generation were less familiar with these songs. Older generation could remember the practice of oppana singing and dancing for marriages, but we could not meet any actual singer. Like all other forms of art, the younger generation could identify oppana only as a stage item in youth festivals. There was no tradition of performing stage plays, and hence we could not meet any stage actor of the older generation. Public performances were apparently of the ritual kind, as, for example, there was no dearth in the number of people who had become komarams, particularly from the perumannan and Thiyya castes.
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
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Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
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. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
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XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
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Socio-cultural processes and liveli
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particularly in rural areas like Ti
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Table II Population of Tirurangadi
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All these show that the tendencies
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as built environment by some geogra
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way seems to be to take the hard, b
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II History of the field work done b
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Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
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cultural artifacts also, such as ar
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and one is controlled by the LDF. T
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The research team had decided that
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of the survey. Since it was a sampl
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Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
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identify some features of naming. N
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Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
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Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
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Transformation of the pristine para
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As an illustration of this process,
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pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
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Perunthodu have suffered the same f
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Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
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The transformation is illustrated b
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have been traditionally used for im
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one or two features of the observat
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Placename Paramba/field Path or lan
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The situation is different in the l
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such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
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cleared) and old house- sites, such
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Apart from the large trees, a numbe
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Added to this is the change occurri
Page 73 and 74: stop, school, and so on. In an agra
Page 75 and 76: house-sites. Interestingly a large
Page 77 and 78: members of the family stay in the o
Page 79 and 80: an all-inclusive structure with res
Page 81 and 82: The implications of this rapidly sp
Page 83 and 84: Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
Page 85 and 86: Market centers Observations on the
Page 87 and 88: Panchayat Placename Market centre f
Page 89 and 90: Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
Page 91 and 92: flourished even a generation before
Page 93 and 94: has been a major transformation in
Page 95 and 96: The equally important feature is th
Page 97 and 98: karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
Page 99 and 100: Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
Page 101 and 102: Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
Page 103 and 104: with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
Page 105 and 106: y the early half of 19 th century,
Page 107 and 108: shops being brought down within a f
Page 109 and 110: Larger temples are fewer in number
Page 111 and 112: possibly the sea could enter and wo
Page 113 and 114: Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
Page 115 and 116: Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
Page 117 and 118: The response to education and healt
Page 119 and 120: they are able to do it, is another
Page 121 and 122: enthusiasm was not shown by middle
Page 123: Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
Page 127 and 128: field area. There are kalapoottu ka
Page 129 and 130: eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
Page 131 and 132: IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
Page 133 and 134: (randuteru) and Chelari as examples
Page 135 and 136: However, the first indication a pol
Page 137 and 138: Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
Page 139 and 140: included families such as kizhakkin
Page 141 and 142: conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
Page 143 and 144: areas show the presence of the Naha
Page 145 and 146: mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
Page 147 and 148: appears to have been relatively les
Page 149 and 150: They were settlements of cultivator
Page 151 and 152: The British army was led by Col.Har
Page 153 and 154: distances, are too numerous to be d
Page 155 and 156: the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
Page 157 and 158: to the landlord was only possible o
Page 159 and 160: e replaced by other cash crops prim
Page 161 and 162: there was no effort to convert them
Page 163 and 164: are extensively cultivated. The ele
Page 165 and 166: these privileges were used against
Page 167 and 168: the great disparities in the agrari
Page 169 and 170: Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
Page 171 and 172: upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
Page 173 and 174: in Parappanangadi held most of the
Page 175 and 176:
Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
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centre. Along with the mosques, the
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British as the most dangerous to th
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emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
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carried off the bodies and buried t
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autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
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one. The Thangals were seen as the
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open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
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The railroad also brought about cha
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logged areas. Old working women als
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Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It
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Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
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It is not surprising that the repre
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escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
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widespread in the region. We should
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cooperation movement and the subseq
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Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
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Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
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The information given above can now
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Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
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cultivation which does not require
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In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
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away from their homes. They were al
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opening of a number of ‘Mappila
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eligious instruction apart from lea
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profile of the people they were dea
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Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
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job of burying the corpses. The inf
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second the emergence of he Muslim l
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The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
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people were the most manifest. Afte
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indication of this is shown by the
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in favor of a compromise with the d
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egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
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Pakistan or India, and he chose Ind
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Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
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others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
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Kaprat family has left the place, a
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The data given in table LV shows th
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Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
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their labor resources in the area w
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like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
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egan to be used, primary because
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problems in continuing as farmers,
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the gradual spread of rented holdin
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animal husbandry of this kind has r
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So it is clear that although land r
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stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
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are prepared to spend on the work.
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number of computer institutes. Lite
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Major section Domestic Agricultural
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programme called Akshaya project, w
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and an ordinary housewife to have a
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The growth of the religious space h
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who are more educated, as the passp
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migrations to different parts of In
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scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
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was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
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Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan
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also available. A more detailed wat
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higher than either Bharatapuzha or
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hence are rendered useless. The rai
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Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
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Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
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Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
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sustained them. This destruction of
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subsist in the area of servicing. E
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the ‘modern’ cult of Gold, whic
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The trends seem to be clear. The de
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Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
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determined by the floating middle c
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consumerist tendency outlined above
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deprived sections favor the surviva
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already saw that majority of the su
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never create a system of production
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alternative to be developed will be
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planting of mangroves, kaitha, paya
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the planning of wetlands should con
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women, it is possible to argue that
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laboring groups become the central
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experimented during the People’s
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VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
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Religious faith thus complements th
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Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
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Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
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I Panchayat Public Library Reading
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Village Manufacturing household Oth
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Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
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Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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