Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

Alameen nagar
Koyappayil Paramba
Kizhvittilpramba
Chakkalaparamba
Ponnathparamba
Mannarakkal Paramba
Source: field Diaries, Nannambra Panchayat
Thiyya
Kuruppu
Oilpresser( now transferred)
Ponnath Asari
Mannan
Some of these parambas have been completely or partially sold, but the old inhabitants
continue to remain in several parambas.
The other two types of colonies are modern creations, and have nothing to do with the
habitat formation of the old. One is the scheduled castes colony which is created under
the various Harijan Welfare schemes. There are a number of Colonies in different parts of
the field area. These colonies are not found in a specific habitat as in the parambas of the
traditional occupational groups. We have already pointed out that they are often found in
inaccessible or at times inhospitable areas. In majority of the colonies about thirty houses
or more are huddled into a small fragment of the Paramba. Very rarely do we find a
colony settled in areas with adequate water supply and facilities for waste disposal as in
Panachikkal colony near Karyad, Vallikkunnu. Many colonies do not have adequate
wells and depend on Panchayat Water supply, which often fails in elevated areas. Some
of them also do not have even a proper burial ground.
The condition of the so-called lakshamveed colonies is hardly different. These colonies
came up during the seventies, to accommodate those evicted from kudikidappu lands, and
were normally erected in Sarkar poramboke lands or lands acquired from the landlords.
Lakshamveedu colonies are found, therefore, in lands classified as unoccupied dry, or in
strips of land that some landlords have volunteered to provide. The character of the
laksham veedu colonies are the same as that of the Harijan colonies, except that the
original settlers had houses, made with concrete and roofed occasionally with asbestos
sheets. However, water supply and waste disposal, including disposal of the dead, is a