Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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Tirurangadi Nannambra Velimukku Thalappara Parakkavu Pallippadi Pantharangadi Chemmad Kakkad Kundoor Pandimuttam Theyyala Source: Field Diaries Velimukku Athanikkal paramba Lataththilparamba Pallippadi Pathinarungal Chemmad panchayat office Thazhthirikadavu Kakkad Kundoor athanikal Chenkallathani- Moochikkal Pandimuttam Kallathani Minor market Not in use Not in use Minor market Minor market Market centre Not in use Market centre Minor market Not in use Minor market Not in use The list provides interesting features. It should be noted that a large number of the athanis have not developed into market centers. Equally interesting is the point that many market centers did have an athani in the earlier days. This relationship between earlier trade points and new trade centers will have to be explored at a later point. Market places near kadavus can be found everywhere in the field area, even in areas where no kadavu exists anymore. Most such kadavus are along Kadalundi River, like kottakadavu, olipramkadavu, Irupothunkal, paruthikkad, mukkathkadavu, alunkadavu, kundankadavu, karyad, palathinkal, mamburam and other places where boats used to bring goods until recently. After the decline of traffic of goods using boats, the exchange centers near kadavu have declined unless they are supported by a major road nearby. Articles like coconut, coconut fiber, copra, areca, ginger, pepper and other agricultural by-products were the major articles of trade in the kadavus. For example, coconut fiber was taken to Kadalundi for processing, and processed fiber was taken to the market at Calicut. Hay was collected from the fields and was taken to Mooryad in Calicut where it was sold, and similarly areca and betel were taken to various markets. This form of transporting meant that the kadavus were transformed into mini-markets and they
flourished even a generation before. Building ordinary boats was an occupation in some kadavus like mukkathkadavu and palathinkal, and that has also declined. The following is a list of kadavus in Kadalundi River, which played a significant role in the trade map of the region until recently: Balathirutti Kadalundikkadavu Kottakkadavu Olipramkadavu Irumpothingal Mukkathukadavu Alunkadavu Mathappuzha Karyad kadavu Kundankadavu Chuzhali Vallikkadavu Parakkadavu Paruthikkad Thayyilakkadavu Palathingal Table XX kadavu Location in the river Panchayat Attakulangara Kannadithadam Thazhthirikkadavu Mamburam Idavatikkadavu Pakkadavu Parakkadavu ( chanthakadavu) Poozhikkadavu Panampuzhakkadavu Source: field Diaries At the mouth of the river Near the kadalundi bridge Close to nirakaithakotta Near thiruthimmal Near Paruthikkad Opposite to Irumpothingal Kadavu close to katakkattupara Kadavu close to alungal Near mannittampara River meandering north River meandering To the south of chuzhali River meandering from West to north Near kaliyattumukku Before mannittampara Beginning of the link with Poorappuzha Near pallippadi Pantharangadi Chemmad Vatakke mamburam Mamburam Chanthappadi Kakkad Between mamburam and kakkad Vallikkunnu Vallikkunnu Vallikkunnu Thenhippalam Vallikkunnu Thenhippalam Thenhippalam Thenhippalam Vallikkunu and Munniyur Munniyur Munniyur Munniyur Munniyur Munniyur Munniyur and vallikkunnu Parappanangadi and Tirurangadi Tirurangadi Tirurangadi Tirurangadi Tirurangadi Tirurangadi Tirurangadi Tirurangadi Tirurangadi We have excluded the kadavus in Koduvayur which are directly opposite to the kadavus in Tirurangadi. It should be noted that unlike athanis, most of the kadavus are no longer supporting market centers.
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
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Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
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. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
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XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
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Socio-cultural processes and liveli
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particularly in rural areas like Ti
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Table II Population of Tirurangadi
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All these show that the tendencies
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as built environment by some geogra
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way seems to be to take the hard, b
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II History of the field work done b
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Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
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cultural artifacts also, such as ar
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and one is controlled by the LDF. T
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The research team had decided that
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of the survey. Since it was a sampl
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Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
Page 39 and 40: identify some features of naming. N
Page 41 and 42: Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
Page 43 and 44: Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
Page 45 and 46: Transformation of the pristine para
Page 47 and 48: As an illustration of this process,
Page 49 and 50: pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
Page 51 and 52: Perunthodu have suffered the same f
Page 53 and 54: Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
Page 55 and 56: The transformation is illustrated b
Page 57 and 58: have been traditionally used for im
Page 59 and 60: one or two features of the observat
Page 61 and 62: Placename Paramba/field Path or lan
Page 63 and 64: The situation is different in the l
Page 65 and 66: such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
Page 67 and 68: cleared) and old house- sites, such
Page 69 and 70: Apart from the large trees, a numbe
Page 71 and 72: Added to this is the change occurri
Page 73 and 74: stop, school, and so on. In an agra
Page 75 and 76: house-sites. Interestingly a large
Page 77 and 78: members of the family stay in the o
Page 79 and 80: an all-inclusive structure with res
Page 81 and 82: The implications of this rapidly sp
Page 83 and 84: Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
Page 85 and 86: Market centers Observations on the
Page 87 and 88: Panchayat Placename Market centre f
Page 89: Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
Page 93 and 94: has been a major transformation in
Page 95 and 96: The equally important feature is th
Page 97 and 98: karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
Page 99 and 100: Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
Page 101 and 102: Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
Page 103 and 104: with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
Page 105 and 106: y the early half of 19 th century,
Page 107 and 108: shops being brought down within a f
Page 109 and 110: Larger temples are fewer in number
Page 111 and 112: possibly the sea could enter and wo
Page 113 and 114: Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
Page 115 and 116: Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
Page 117 and 118: The response to education and healt
Page 119 and 120: they are able to do it, is another
Page 121 and 122: enthusiasm was not shown by middle
Page 123 and 124: Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
Page 125 and 126: kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now k
Page 127 and 128: field area. There are kalapoottu ka
Page 129 and 130: eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
Page 131 and 132: IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
Page 133 and 134: (randuteru) and Chelari as examples
Page 135 and 136: However, the first indication a pol
Page 137 and 138: Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
Page 139 and 140: included families such as kizhakkin
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conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
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areas show the presence of the Naha
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mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
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appears to have been relatively les
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They were settlements of cultivator
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The British army was led by Col.Har
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distances, are too numerous to be d
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the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
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to the landlord was only possible o
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e replaced by other cash crops prim
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there was no effort to convert them
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are extensively cultivated. The ele
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these privileges were used against
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the great disparities in the agrari
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Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
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upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
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in Parappanangadi held most of the
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Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
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centre. Along with the mosques, the
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British as the most dangerous to th
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emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
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carried off the bodies and buried t
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autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
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one. The Thangals were seen as the
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open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
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The railroad also brought about cha
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logged areas. Old working women als
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Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It
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Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
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It is not surprising that the repre
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escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
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widespread in the region. We should
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cooperation movement and the subseq
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Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
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Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
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The information given above can now
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Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
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cultivation which does not require
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In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
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away from their homes. They were al
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opening of a number of ‘Mappila
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eligious instruction apart from lea
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profile of the people they were dea
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Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
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job of burying the corpses. The inf
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second the emergence of he Muslim l
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The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
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people were the most manifest. Afte
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indication of this is shown by the
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in favor of a compromise with the d
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egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
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Pakistan or India, and he chose Ind
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Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
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others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
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Kaprat family has left the place, a
Page 251 and 252:
The data given in table LV shows th
Page 253 and 254:
Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
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their labor resources in the area w
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like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
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egan to be used, primary because
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problems in continuing as farmers,
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the gradual spread of rented holdin
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animal husbandry of this kind has r
Page 267 and 268:
So it is clear that although land r
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stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
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are prepared to spend on the work.
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number of computer institutes. Lite
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Major section Domestic Agricultural
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programme called Akshaya project, w
Page 279 and 280:
and an ordinary housewife to have a
Page 281 and 282:
The growth of the religious space h
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who are more educated, as the passp
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migrations to different parts of In
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scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
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was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
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Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan
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also available. A more detailed wat
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higher than either Bharatapuzha or
Page 297 and 298:
hence are rendered useless. The rai
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Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
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Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
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Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
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sustained them. This destruction of
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subsist in the area of servicing. E
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the ‘modern’ cult of Gold, whic
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The trends seem to be clear. The de
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Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
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determined by the floating middle c
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consumerist tendency outlined above
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deprived sections favor the surviva
Page 321 and 322:
already saw that majority of the su
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never create a system of production
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alternative to be developed will be
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planting of mangroves, kaitha, paya
Page 329 and 330:
the planning of wetlands should con
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women, it is possible to argue that
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laboring groups become the central
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experimented during the People’s
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VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
Page 339 and 340:
Religious faith thus complements th
Page 341 and 342:
Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
Page 343 and 344:
Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
Page 345 and 346:
I Panchayat Public Library Reading
Page 347 and 348:
Village Manufacturing household Oth
Page 349 and 350:
Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
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Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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