Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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trading centers and sold in the local area. The growth of this form of trading laid the foundation of all the existing angadis. These traders also formed the’ new rich’, which included people like Munnukandathil Kunhahammed Haji (M.K.Haji) in Tirurangadi. The development of the new trading class shows the extension of the operation of the new market forces, and the generation of new tastes, which will be discussed later.
Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It is in the background of these general changes that we have to discuss the incidents of the Malabar rebellion at Tirurangadi. The causes and course of the Malabar rebellion has been adequately documented and analyzed elsewhere that it is unnecessary to repeat them in this context.(Dale,1980; Dhanagre1983; Panikkar 1989;Wood 1987)The question that we address here is the reason why Tirurangadi became the ‘nerve centre’ of the rebellion. The answer seems to lie in the trends discussed above. The British had already made Tiruranagdi one of their operative centers, with the Katchery, police station and jail located there and a Munsiff Court at Parappanangadi not far away. The old Kakkad- Parappanangadi road provided the link that connected all these places. Old people of the area remember the jutka carts drawn by horses in which the ‘sahibs’ and their ‘madams’ used to travel, and one old man remembered the awe with which they, as children used to gape at these carts. The alien ‘saheb’ presence was very much there in Tirurangadi. The old people also remembered the story of building Panampuzha Bridge that linked Kooriyad with Kakkad. According to the story, the bridge was made at the request of the wife of a British officer who was killed by the insurgents (according to tradition, this officer was Connolly and the widow believed that if there was abridge across Kadalundi River, her husband would have been able to evade the assailants. But as we have seen, Connolly was killed in West hill and not near Panampuzha Bridge and hence, the story must have been built around another British officer who was killed during the rebellion). However, the presence of the British was there earlier also, but then there was Mamburam Thangal as the alternative power centre. Tirurangadi was also the Centre of the indigenous Mappila cultural tradition. As we have seen a number of Arabi Malayalam works were being printed and were in circulation, which included the Asaif-al bathar, which might have attracted the new literate groups
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
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Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
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. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
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XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
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Socio-cultural processes and liveli
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particularly in rural areas like Ti
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Table II Population of Tirurangadi
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All these show that the tendencies
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as built environment by some geogra
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way seems to be to take the hard, b
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II History of the field work done b
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Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
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cultural artifacts also, such as ar
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and one is controlled by the LDF. T
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The research team had decided that
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of the survey. Since it was a sampl
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Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
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identify some features of naming. N
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Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
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Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
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Transformation of the pristine para
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As an illustration of this process,
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pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
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Perunthodu have suffered the same f
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Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
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The transformation is illustrated b
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have been traditionally used for im
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one or two features of the observat
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Placename Paramba/field Path or lan
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The situation is different in the l
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such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
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cleared) and old house- sites, such
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Apart from the large trees, a numbe
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Added to this is the change occurri
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stop, school, and so on. In an agra
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house-sites. Interestingly a large
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members of the family stay in the o
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an all-inclusive structure with res
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The implications of this rapidly sp
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Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
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Market centers Observations on the
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Panchayat Placename Market centre f
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Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
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flourished even a generation before
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has been a major transformation in
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The equally important feature is th
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karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
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Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
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Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
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with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
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y the early half of 19 th century,
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shops being brought down within a f
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Larger temples are fewer in number
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possibly the sea could enter and wo
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Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
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Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
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The response to education and healt
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they are able to do it, is another
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enthusiasm was not shown by middle
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Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
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kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now k
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field area. There are kalapoottu ka
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eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
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IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
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(randuteru) and Chelari as examples
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However, the first indication a pol
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Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
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included families such as kizhakkin
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conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
Page 143 and 144: areas show the presence of the Naha
Page 145 and 146: mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
Page 147 and 148: appears to have been relatively les
Page 149 and 150: They were settlements of cultivator
Page 151 and 152: The British army was led by Col.Har
Page 153 and 154: distances, are too numerous to be d
Page 155 and 156: the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
Page 157 and 158: to the landlord was only possible o
Page 159 and 160: e replaced by other cash crops prim
Page 161 and 162: there was no effort to convert them
Page 163 and 164: are extensively cultivated. The ele
Page 165 and 166: these privileges were used against
Page 167 and 168: the great disparities in the agrari
Page 169 and 170: Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
Page 171 and 172: upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
Page 173 and 174: in Parappanangadi held most of the
Page 175 and 176: Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
Page 177 and 178: centre. Along with the mosques, the
Page 179 and 180: British as the most dangerous to th
Page 181 and 182: emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
Page 183 and 184: carried off the bodies and buried t
Page 185 and 186: autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
Page 187 and 188: one. The Thangals were seen as the
Page 189 and 190: open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
Page 191 and 192: The railroad also brought about cha
Page 193: logged areas. Old working women als
Page 197 and 198: Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
Page 199 and 200: It is not surprising that the repre
Page 201 and 202: escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
Page 203 and 204: widespread in the region. We should
Page 205 and 206: cooperation movement and the subseq
Page 207 and 208: Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
Page 209 and 210: Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
Page 211 and 212: The information given above can now
Page 213 and 214: Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
Page 215 and 216: cultivation which does not require
Page 217 and 218: In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
Page 219 and 220: away from their homes. They were al
Page 221 and 222: opening of a number of ‘Mappila
Page 223 and 224: eligious instruction apart from lea
Page 225 and 226: profile of the people they were dea
Page 227 and 228: Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
Page 229 and 230: job of burying the corpses. The inf
Page 231 and 232: second the emergence of he Muslim l
Page 233 and 234: The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
Page 235 and 236: people were the most manifest. Afte
Page 237 and 238: indication of this is shown by the
Page 239 and 240: in favor of a compromise with the d
Page 241 and 242: egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
Page 243 and 244: Pakistan or India, and he chose Ind
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Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
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others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
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Kaprat family has left the place, a
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The data given in table LV shows th
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Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
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their labor resources in the area w
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like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
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egan to be used, primary because
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problems in continuing as farmers,
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the gradual spread of rented holdin
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animal husbandry of this kind has r
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So it is clear that although land r
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stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
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are prepared to spend on the work.
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number of computer institutes. Lite
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Major section Domestic Agricultural
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programme called Akshaya project, w
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and an ordinary housewife to have a
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The growth of the religious space h
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who are more educated, as the passp
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migrations to different parts of In
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scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
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was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
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Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan
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also available. A more detailed wat
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higher than either Bharatapuzha or
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hence are rendered useless. The rai
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Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
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Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
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Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
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sustained them. This destruction of
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subsist in the area of servicing. E
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the ‘modern’ cult of Gold, whic
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The trends seem to be clear. The de
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Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
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determined by the floating middle c
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consumerist tendency outlined above
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deprived sections favor the surviva
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already saw that majority of the su
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never create a system of production
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alternative to be developed will be
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planting of mangroves, kaitha, paya
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the planning of wetlands should con
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women, it is possible to argue that
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laboring groups become the central
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experimented during the People’s
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VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
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Religious faith thus complements th
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Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
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Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
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I Panchayat Public Library Reading
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Village Manufacturing household Oth
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Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
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Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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