Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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the present owner, that is, such families were selling or transferring those lands from the 60s and 70s. The spree of land transactions from the 60s might have been to evade the impact of land reforms, but it also meant that land was becoming a commodity. Commodification of land was also facilitated by the growth of large market centers, such as Chemmad, and the establishment of large institutions such as the University, PSMO College, IOC at Chelari and MK Haji Hospital 1971 census, compiled towards the completion of the process of land reforms, gives the following information on the agricultural scene: Village Cultivators Table LIV Agricultural laborers Livestock and primary processes total Male female male female male female male female Vallikkunnu 251 18 675 80 701 6 1627 104 Thenhippalam 486 16 1034 124 50 - 1570 140 Ariyallur 275 6 641 188 81 11 997 205 Mooniyur 1138 22 1575 316 35 1 2748 339 Nannambra 930 16 1439 419 26 - 2395 435 Peruvallur 728 18 1382 230 32 - 2142 248 Parappanangadi 501 54 1198 181 1633 12 3332 247 Tirurangadi 606 24 1336 208 62 - 2004 232 Total 4915 174 9280 1746 2620 30 16815 1982 Source: Census handbook, Malappuram, 1971 The statistics clearly show that the agricultural population is now clearly divided into two classes, the owners and laborers, besides the other primary producers, in which fishermen of Parappanangadi and Vallikkunnu predominate. We now give the information on non-agricultural occupations in the area:(see table LV)
The data given in table LV shows that transition from household industry to large scale manufacture has been slow, but was taking place, but the growth of trade and commerce and other services was more rapid. New sectors like construction and transport and communication were emerging, presumably as accessories to trade and commerce. Another change is also clear. While household industry employed a number of women almost equal to men, but the new sectors do not employ very few or no women at all, with the exception of services, and they do not absorb women into the labor force in the same way as agriculture and household industry did.
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
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Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
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. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
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XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
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Socio-cultural processes and liveli
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particularly in rural areas like Ti
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Table II Population of Tirurangadi
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All these show that the tendencies
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as built environment by some geogra
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way seems to be to take the hard, b
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II History of the field work done b
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Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
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cultural artifacts also, such as ar
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and one is controlled by the LDF. T
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The research team had decided that
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of the survey. Since it was a sampl
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Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
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identify some features of naming. N
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Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
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Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
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Transformation of the pristine para
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As an illustration of this process,
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pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
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Perunthodu have suffered the same f
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Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
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The transformation is illustrated b
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have been traditionally used for im
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one or two features of the observat
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Placename Paramba/field Path or lan
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The situation is different in the l
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such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
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cleared) and old house- sites, such
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Apart from the large trees, a numbe
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Added to this is the change occurri
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stop, school, and so on. In an agra
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house-sites. Interestingly a large
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members of the family stay in the o
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an all-inclusive structure with res
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The implications of this rapidly sp
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Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
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Market centers Observations on the
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Panchayat Placename Market centre f
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Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
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flourished even a generation before
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has been a major transformation in
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The equally important feature is th
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karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
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Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
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Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
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with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
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y the early half of 19 th century,
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shops being brought down within a f
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Larger temples are fewer in number
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possibly the sea could enter and wo
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Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
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Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
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The response to education and healt
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they are able to do it, is another
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enthusiasm was not shown by middle
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Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
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kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now k
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field area. There are kalapoottu ka
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eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
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IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
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(randuteru) and Chelari as examples
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However, the first indication a pol
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Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
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included families such as kizhakkin
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conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
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areas show the presence of the Naha
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mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
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appears to have been relatively les
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They were settlements of cultivator
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The British army was led by Col.Har
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distances, are too numerous to be d
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the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
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to the landlord was only possible o
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e replaced by other cash crops prim
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there was no effort to convert them
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are extensively cultivated. The ele
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these privileges were used against
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the great disparities in the agrari
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Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
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upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
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in Parappanangadi held most of the
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Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
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centre. Along with the mosques, the
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British as the most dangerous to th
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emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
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carried off the bodies and buried t
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autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
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one. The Thangals were seen as the
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open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
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The railroad also brought about cha
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logged areas. Old working women als
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Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It
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Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
Page 199 and 200: It is not surprising that the repre
Page 201 and 202: escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
Page 203 and 204: widespread in the region. We should
Page 205 and 206: cooperation movement and the subseq
Page 207 and 208: Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
Page 209 and 210: Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
Page 211 and 212: The information given above can now
Page 213 and 214: Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
Page 215 and 216: cultivation which does not require
Page 217 and 218: In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
Page 219 and 220: away from their homes. They were al
Page 221 and 222: opening of a number of ‘Mappila
Page 223 and 224: eligious instruction apart from lea
Page 225 and 226: profile of the people they were dea
Page 227 and 228: Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
Page 229 and 230: job of burying the corpses. The inf
Page 231 and 232: second the emergence of he Muslim l
Page 233 and 234: The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
Page 235 and 236: people were the most manifest. Afte
Page 237 and 238: indication of this is shown by the
Page 239 and 240: in favor of a compromise with the d
Page 241 and 242: egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
Page 243 and 244: Pakistan or India, and he chose Ind
Page 245 and 246: Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
Page 247 and 248: others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
Page 249: Kaprat family has left the place, a
Page 253 and 254: Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
Page 255 and 256: their labor resources in the area w
Page 257 and 258: like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
Page 259 and 260: egan to be used, primary because
Page 261 and 262: problems in continuing as farmers,
Page 263 and 264: the gradual spread of rented holdin
Page 265 and 266: animal husbandry of this kind has r
Page 267 and 268: So it is clear that although land r
Page 269 and 270: stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
Page 271 and 272: are prepared to spend on the work.
Page 273 and 274: number of computer institutes. Lite
Page 275 and 276: Major section Domestic Agricultural
Page 277 and 278: programme called Akshaya project, w
Page 279 and 280: and an ordinary housewife to have a
Page 281 and 282: The growth of the religious space h
Page 283 and 284: who are more educated, as the passp
Page 285 and 286: migrations to different parts of In
Page 287 and 288: scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
Page 289 and 290: was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
Page 291 and 292: Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan
Page 293 and 294: also available. A more detailed wat
Page 295 and 296: higher than either Bharatapuzha or
Page 297 and 298: hence are rendered useless. The rai
Page 299 and 300: Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
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Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
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Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
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sustained them. This destruction of
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subsist in the area of servicing. E
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the ‘modern’ cult of Gold, whic
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The trends seem to be clear. The de
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Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
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determined by the floating middle c
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consumerist tendency outlined above
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deprived sections favor the surviva
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already saw that majority of the su
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never create a system of production
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alternative to be developed will be
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planting of mangroves, kaitha, paya
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the planning of wetlands should con
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women, it is possible to argue that
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laboring groups become the central
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experimented during the People’s
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VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
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Religious faith thus complements th
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Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
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Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
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I Panchayat Public Library Reading
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Village Manufacturing household Oth
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Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
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Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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