Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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of the capitalist form of development, and this means that even the objective factors assisting patams and parambas, are subject to the logic of commodity production. It has now become futile to think about recovery of the pristine nature of the land surface, as the entire land is becoming part of the built environment. However, it is possible to think about a strategy by which land is freed from the wanton methods of the speculators and used for providing the livelihood of large share of population. Industries We have already seen that there has not been any significant industrial development in the region. Not only that there is no major industry in the area (except for the IOC bottling plant), but the traditional crafts are disappearing. We have also seen that a number of the existing crafts have been accessories to agricultural production and have declined along with agriculture itself. There are new crafts that have developed, in connection with construction work, electronic equipments, vehicles, mechanical workshops (normally called industrials), tyre resoling, fixing various kinds of household equipments, repairing fishing equipment, plumbing and electrical work, computer hardware, and a number of other similar professions. All these professions are also accessory professions, based on the demand for the equipments they are dealing with, and once the demand for such articles decline and spate of construction activities now visible today reach an optimum point, there is a possibility that many of these professions will also be in danger. None of these professions are in the production sector, and even efforts at reassembling and making new products are very few. It is possible to produce a number of household appliances and electronic goods at a cheap cost, but there is no effort to promote such efforts at the local level, and the traders and consumers both prefer brand names rather than the local manufacturer. Hence, the local professionals can only
subsist in the area of servicing. Even there, the servicing agencies of the big producers, aided by long term guarantees and warranties are entering in a big way. The following information gives the general patterns among the Non-agricultural classes in the workforce of the area Panchayat Table LXXIV Household Industry Other workers 1981 2001 Variation 1981 2001 variation Vallikkunnu 133 154 +15.79 4305 7448 +73.01 Thenhippalam 141 121 -14.18 2427 5033 +107.38 Peruvallur 59 64 +8.47 1821 3893 +113.78 Munniyur 56 93 +66.07 2739 7535 +175.10 Parappanangadi 307 202 -34.20 6784 12717 +87.46 Nannambra 28 58 +107.14 1470 4646 +216.05 Tirurangadi 137 168 +22.63 3662 8276 +126.00 total 861 860 -0.12 23,208 49548 +113.50 The people involved in the household industry do not show much variation, and when adjusted to population increase in the respective areas, might have declined in absolute terms. The growth of other non-agricultural classes is phenomenal even if adjusted to population increase. The interesting feature in this exercise seems to be the decline of household industries in Parappanangadi and Thenhippalam, both areas having a number of traditional occupations, and the rise of other in workers in Nannambra, all of which demonstrated a decline in agricultural classes. The shift from agricultural to non – agricultural classes in the composition of population appears to be clear.
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
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Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
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. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
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XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
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Socio-cultural processes and liveli
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particularly in rural areas like Ti
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Table II Population of Tirurangadi
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All these show that the tendencies
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as built environment by some geogra
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way seems to be to take the hard, b
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II History of the field work done b
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Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
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cultural artifacts also, such as ar
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and one is controlled by the LDF. T
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The research team had decided that
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of the survey. Since it was a sampl
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Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
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identify some features of naming. N
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Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
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Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
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Transformation of the pristine para
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As an illustration of this process,
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pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
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Perunthodu have suffered the same f
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Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
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The transformation is illustrated b
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have been traditionally used for im
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one or two features of the observat
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Placename Paramba/field Path or lan
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The situation is different in the l
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such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
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cleared) and old house- sites, such
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Apart from the large trees, a numbe
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Added to this is the change occurri
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stop, school, and so on. In an agra
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house-sites. Interestingly a large
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members of the family stay in the o
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an all-inclusive structure with res
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The implications of this rapidly sp
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Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
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Market centers Observations on the
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Panchayat Placename Market centre f
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Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
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flourished even a generation before
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has been a major transformation in
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The equally important feature is th
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karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
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Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
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Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
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with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
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y the early half of 19 th century,
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shops being brought down within a f
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Larger temples are fewer in number
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possibly the sea could enter and wo
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Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
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Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
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The response to education and healt
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they are able to do it, is another
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enthusiasm was not shown by middle
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Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
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kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now k
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field area. There are kalapoottu ka
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eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
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IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
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(randuteru) and Chelari as examples
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However, the first indication a pol
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Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
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included families such as kizhakkin
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conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
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areas show the presence of the Naha
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mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
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appears to have been relatively les
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They were settlements of cultivator
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The British army was led by Col.Har
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distances, are too numerous to be d
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the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
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to the landlord was only possible o
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e replaced by other cash crops prim
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there was no effort to convert them
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are extensively cultivated. The ele
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these privileges were used against
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the great disparities in the agrari
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Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
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upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
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in Parappanangadi held most of the
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Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
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centre. Along with the mosques, the
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British as the most dangerous to th
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emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
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carried off the bodies and buried t
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autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
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one. The Thangals were seen as the
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open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
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The railroad also brought about cha
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logged areas. Old working women als
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Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It
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Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
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It is not surprising that the repre
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escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
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widespread in the region. We should
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cooperation movement and the subseq
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Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
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Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
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The information given above can now
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Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
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cultivation which does not require
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In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
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away from their homes. They were al
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opening of a number of ‘Mappila
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eligious instruction apart from lea
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profile of the people they were dea
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Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
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job of burying the corpses. The inf
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second the emergence of he Muslim l
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The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
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people were the most manifest. Afte
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indication of this is shown by the
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in favor of a compromise with the d
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egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
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Pakistan or India, and he chose Ind
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Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
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others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
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Kaprat family has left the place, a
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The data given in table LV shows th
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Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
Page 255 and 256: their labor resources in the area w
Page 257 and 258: like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
Page 259 and 260: egan to be used, primary because
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Page 263 and 264: the gradual spread of rented holdin
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Page 267 and 268: So it is clear that although land r
Page 269 and 270: stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
Page 271 and 272: are prepared to spend on the work.
Page 273 and 274: number of computer institutes. Lite
Page 275 and 276: Major section Domestic Agricultural
Page 277 and 278: programme called Akshaya project, w
Page 279 and 280: and an ordinary housewife to have a
Page 281 and 282: The growth of the religious space h
Page 283 and 284: who are more educated, as the passp
Page 285 and 286: migrations to different parts of In
Page 287 and 288: scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
Page 289 and 290: was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
Page 291 and 292: Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan
Page 293 and 294: also available. A more detailed wat
Page 295 and 296: higher than either Bharatapuzha or
Page 297 and 298: hence are rendered useless. The rai
Page 299 and 300: Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
Page 301 and 302: Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
Page 303 and 304: Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
Page 305: sustained them. This destruction of
Page 309 and 310: the ‘modern’ cult of Gold, whic
Page 311 and 312: The trends seem to be clear. The de
Page 313 and 314: Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
Page 315 and 316: determined by the floating middle c
Page 317 and 318: consumerist tendency outlined above
Page 319 and 320: deprived sections favor the surviva
Page 321 and 322: already saw that majority of the su
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Page 325 and 326: alternative to be developed will be
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Page 329 and 330: the planning of wetlands should con
Page 331 and 332: women, it is possible to argue that
Page 333 and 334: laboring groups become the central
Page 335 and 336: experimented during the People’s
Page 337 and 338: VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
Page 339 and 340: Religious faith thus complements th
Page 341 and 342: Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
Page 343 and 344: Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
Page 345 and 346: I Panchayat Public Library Reading
Page 347 and 348: Village Manufacturing household Oth
Page 349 and 350: Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
Page 351: Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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