Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

Cheranad Vettathnad
Olakara Nannambra
Mampooram Kundoor
Tiruvanangadi Tirutti
Trikkandiyur Kaduvallur
Kakkad Cherumukku
Kalakurichy
Veniyur
Thenhippalam
Velimukku
Puthur
Vallikkunnu
Kodakad
Ullanam
Munniyur
Parappanangadi
Neduva
Ariyallur
Trikkandiyur is possibly a wrong identification for Trikkulam in Tirurangadi.
There was another change which was equally important. After the Mysore invasions, the
privileges of the customary landlords were restored, with one significant variation that
they were now treated as taxpaying landowners, and a share of the total yield was
collected as the share of the Government from them. They were divested of all their
political responsibilities, and they were also instructed not to collect their customary
privileges, such as kazhchas during the time of Onam and Vishu. At the same time, as
taxpaying farmers, they were given proprietary rights over their holdings, including the
right to fix the rent, renew and evict the tenants if necessary. Thus, the customary lords
were transformed into proprietary landholders. We find that all the earlier lords were now
confirmed as landholders under the British legal system. Thus we find Samuthiri Raja,
Raja of Parappanad, Vettath Raja, princesses of Ampadi Kovilakam, Kizhakke
Kovilakam, Nilambur Raja, various devaswams, Nambuthiri Illams and nayar taravads,
recognized as landlords under the British system. This is confirmed by the stipulation that