Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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Anangadi Navajeevan Table X Place name Conversion into parambas Conversion into house-sites Anayarangadi Kattungal patam Munnichira patam Korunkuzhipatam Kadalundi patam Kanjirakuzhipatam Railway chambra Anayattil patam Thekkepatam Kottayilpatam Vatakkepatam Pandikasalapramba Source: Field Diaries: Vallikkunnu Panchayat Kuttiyil patam Kattungal paramba Munnichira patam Korunkuzhipatam Kanjirakuzhipatam Railway chambray Anayattilpatam Thekkepetam Vatakkepatam Kottayilpatam Vennakkat thara Chathankai patanna The Coastal area has been heavily populated from early times. Puthenkadappuram, Ottummal beach and Alungal beach in Parappanangadi, Anangadi in Vallikkunnu are areas inhabited by traditional fishing population. Alungal beach is particularly interesting, as it was the area of the traditional market centre called Angadi or Parappanangadi, a point that we will discuss later. Another coastal market centre is Kadalundi Nagaram, to the north of Anangadi. The existence of a kadalundippatam in the area indicated that he region, now comprising the coastal area of Vallikkunnu, was called Kadalundi. The implications for this have to be discussed separately. The market centers are no longer visible today, and only the fishing villages survive today. The large houses in Alungal beach could be called the relics of the old market centre. Resources Walking does not yield reliable indications of the resources of the region, except some of the surface finds to a careful observer. Walking in Tirurangadi was hardly different. Still
one or two features of the observations were significant. One was the existence of an area near Kadalundi River, between Thenhippalam and Vallikkunnu, called Irumpothunkal. It is believed that the area yielded iron ore sufficient to meet the requirements of the local blacksmiths. The perseverance of this tradition seems to be significant. Wells dug in this area and the nearby Paruthikkad very often meet with hard black soil which is very difficult to break, and invariably, water is found underneath this hard area. This soil is supposed to have iron content, and so are the reddish black soils in the thiruttimmal area in Vallikkunnu. Land use studies of the area, record that the northern part of the region, including Vallikkunnu and Thenhippalam as having iron ores. The presence of a number of blacksmiths in the area might also testify to use of the iron ore from the area, although the practice does not survive today. There have been reports of the discovery of black, hardened wood under the surface which is discovered while a well is dug. Remains of a large tree were discovered while digging a canal near Kalanthurutti, and reports of similar discoveries have been made in Nannambra, Tirurangadi and along Kadalundi River as well as the challi regions. Another interesting case is that of well very close to the coast supplying fresh water in Ariyallur area, called Mudiya Kinar. The water in the well was supposed to have medicinal properties, and was used by the people. The stories woven around the well merit another discussion, but the presence of fresh water, in whatever form in the coast is interesting. Significance of such reports is not known, but it appears that geological processes were at work in the low-lying regions particularly in the area around Kadalundi River and the coastal sea erosion, withdrawal of the sea from some parts, the river changing its course, and ongoing processes of siltation and sedimentation leading to changes in the topography of the land are some of the most obvious. Communications
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Socio-cultural Processes and Liveli
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karanavakkoottams and helping us wi
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Obligor Project Team Dr. P.P.Mohamm
Page 7 and 8: Socio-cultural processes and Liveli
Page 9 and 10: . CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 II. Hi
Page 11 and 12: XXXV Revenue Settlement of Parappan
Page 13 and 14: Socio-cultural processes and liveli
Page 15 and 16: particularly in rural areas like Ti
Page 17 and 18: Table II Population of Tirurangadi
Page 19 and 20: All these show that the tendencies
Page 21 and 22: as built environment by some geogra
Page 23 and 24: way seems to be to take the hard, b
Page 25 and 26: II History of the field work done b
Page 27 and 28: Chenganasseri(Kottayam), Kunninmel(
Page 29 and 30: cultural artifacts also, such as ar
Page 31 and 32: and one is controlled by the LDF. T
Page 33 and 34: The research team had decided that
Page 35 and 36: of the survey. Since it was a sampl
Page 37 and 38: Preliminaries III Walking Tiruranga
Page 39 and 40: identify some features of naming. N
Page 41 and 42: Chengani Nadukkara Parampil peetika
Page 43 and 44: Table VI Place name Paramba Kavu Ow
Page 45 and 46: Transformation of the pristine para
Page 47 and 48: As an illustration of this process,
Page 49 and 50: pond in a pallyal, and the stored w
Page 51 and 52: Perunthodu have suffered the same f
Page 53 and 54: Chelari Table VIII Place name Name
Page 55 and 56: The transformation is illustrated b
Page 57: have been traditionally used for im
Page 61 and 62: Placename Paramba/field Path or lan
Page 63 and 64: The situation is different in the l
Page 65 and 66: such as Amalpori, Neela amari, Umma
Page 67 and 68: cleared) and old house- sites, such
Page 69 and 70: Apart from the large trees, a numbe
Page 71 and 72: Added to this is the change occurri
Page 73 and 74: stop, school, and so on. In an agra
Page 75 and 76: house-sites. Interestingly a large
Page 77 and 78: members of the family stay in the o
Page 79 and 80: an all-inclusive structure with res
Page 81 and 82: The implications of this rapidly sp
Page 83 and 84: Alameen nagar Koyappayil Paramba Ki
Page 85 and 86: Market centers Observations on the
Page 87 and 88: Panchayat Placename Market centre f
Page 89 and 90: Olipramkadavu to kadakkattupara in
Page 91 and 92: flourished even a generation before
Page 93 and 94: has been a major transformation in
Page 95 and 96: The equally important feature is th
Page 97 and 98: karimkutti, Gulikan, muththappan, k
Page 99 and 100: Source: Field diaries, Vallikkunnu
Page 101 and 102: Day ten Day eleven Day twelve Day t
Page 103 and 104: with khabr. Srambis are seen virtua
Page 105 and 106: y the early half of 19 th century,
Page 107 and 108: shops being brought down within a f
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Larger temples are fewer in number
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possibly the sea could enter and wo
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Thenhippalam 10* 6 3 1** University
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Nannambra 2 20 * indicates only gen
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The response to education and healt
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they are able to do it, is another
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enthusiasm was not shown by middle
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Peruvallur Munniyur Nannambra Parap
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kolkali gurukkal in the area. Now k
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field area. There are kalapoottu ka
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eported, such as mullanmada in Vall
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IV Tirurangadi-Historical and Cultu
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(randuteru) and Chelari as examples
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However, the first indication a pol
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Ariyallur and Nirakaithakotta templ
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included families such as kizhakkin
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conducted by five tharas, kuroortha
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areas show the presence of the Naha
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mention migrations from Tanur, Vail
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appears to have been relatively les
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They were settlements of cultivator
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The British army was led by Col.Har
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distances, are too numerous to be d
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the Rajas of Beypore, Parappanad an
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to the landlord was only possible o
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e replaced by other cash crops prim
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there was no effort to convert them
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are extensively cultivated. The ele
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these privileges were used against
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the great disparities in the agrari
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Nannambra 881 4481 1432(31.96) 3049
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upees above 1000acres - 1 - - - 1 0
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in Parappanangadi held most of the
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Desam Total Assessed Land(in acres
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centre. Along with the mosques, the
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British as the most dangerous to th
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emoving the blouse, Panikkar had he
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carried off the bodies and buried t
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autonomous spaces. Spiritual work t
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one. The Thangals were seen as the
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open. Sayyid Fasl’s son Sayyid Hy
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The railroad also brought about cha
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logged areas. Old working women als
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Malabar Rebellion in Tirurangadi It
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Fasli Rice (second sort) 1313 1314
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It is not surprising that the repre
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escaped. Ali Musaliar was sentenced
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widespread in the region. We should
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cooperation movement and the subseq
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Survey 1905 1935 Total No. of holdi
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Survey 1905 1935 Total no. of holdi
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The information given above can now
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Crop Variety Trikkulam Desam Parapp
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cultivation which does not require
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In the case of Tirurangadi, even th
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away from their homes. They were al
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opening of a number of ‘Mappila
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eligious instruction apart from lea
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profile of the people they were dea
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Keranallur thodu or Connolly thodu.
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job of burying the corpses. The inf
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second the emergence of he Muslim l
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The incident of Sayyid Ali is revea
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people were the most manifest. Afte
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indication of this is shown by the
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in favor of a compromise with the d
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egulated by the Mahal Committee. Th
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Pakistan or India, and he chose Ind
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Illiterate 26533 40533 13796 19590
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others 12 37 Source: Census of 1951
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Kaprat family has left the place, a
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The data given in table LV shows th
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Peruvallur 3270 (43.97) (4.49) (25.
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their labor resources in the area w
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like thekkan, otiyan, nayaru, vella
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egan to be used, primary because
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problems in continuing as farmers,
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the gradual spread of rented holdin
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animal husbandry of this kind has r
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So it is clear that although land r
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stores, TV showrooms and repair sho
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are prepared to spend on the work.
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number of computer institutes. Lite
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Major section Domestic Agricultural
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programme called Akshaya project, w
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and an ordinary housewife to have a
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The growth of the religious space h
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who are more educated, as the passp
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migrations to different parts of In
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scale chanthas of the kind of Tirur
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was reconstituted into Thenhippalam
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Table LXIX Sectors Plan funds Plan
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also available. A more detailed wat
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higher than either Bharatapuzha or
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hence are rendered useless. The rai
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Type of agricultural Product Paddy(
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Disappearance of the thodus, mentio
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Munniyur 645 1881 2526 438 761 1199
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sustained them. This destruction of
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subsist in the area of servicing. E
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the ‘modern’ cult of Gold, whic
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The trends seem to be clear. The de
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Pattasseri, Palakkad, Chonari, Anch
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determined by the floating middle c
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consumerist tendency outlined above
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deprived sections favor the surviva
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already saw that majority of the su
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never create a system of production
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alternative to be developed will be
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planting of mangroves, kaitha, paya
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the planning of wetlands should con
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women, it is possible to argue that
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laboring groups become the central
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experimented during the People’s
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VI Conclusion and Major Findings Th
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Religious faith thus complements th
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Abdul Sattar, K.K.Mohammed, History
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Thenhippalam Grama Panchayat, Do Ti
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I Panchayat Public Library Reading
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Village Manufacturing household Oth
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Bullocks He- buffaloes cows Bulls&
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Pathan - - - - - - - - Other mohamm
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Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

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