Socio-cultural Processes and Livelihood Patterns at Tirurangadi - CDS

existed until recently, is located in the road from Palathingal/pallippadi to Kakkad. From
there a road proceeds to Kundoor athani, and this road intersects another road, from
Venniyur to Tanur. Tirurangadi market is also close to Kadalundi River, so that goods
brought by means of boats and changatams can also reach there. The original market
centre of Parappanangadi, also called angadi, lies close to the sea, closer than the present
Parappanangadi. The road from Kadalundi nagaram proceeds via this angadi to Tanur
and Tirur, and is called Tipu Sultan Road. The angadi has thus access to both sea route
and land route and goods brought through Kadalundi River also reaches there.
Kottathangadi lies in the route from Chemmad to Tanur, and there are roads leading to
parts of Kodinji from this angadi. Some of the areas where market places have developed
appear to have had a large tree such as a pipal or a mango tree, which probably provided
an intersecting point, and which also provided the necessary shade for the peddler to take
rest and also sell his wares. Koottumoochi in Kodakkad, several places called
moochikkal, for example in Peruvallur and pandimuttam in Nannambra point to the
existence of mango tree and places like Theyyalinkal, Alinchodu, Alunkadavu, Alungal
point to the existence of a papal tree. Such places were not obviously angadis but were
resting places which could become centers of exchange. Similarly there are several places
with the name athani, where stone platforms for keeping head loads or cartloads and
taking rest can still be found. All the athanis are en route to an angadi or along a major
road which acted as a trade route. For example there are athanis in Kundoor and
pandimuttam along the road to Tanur. There is an athani in Velimukku en route from
Kakkad to Chelari. Another athani lies in the road from Kadalundi nagaram to
Parappanangadi. These resting places of old have developed into minor market centers.
There are of course some places where athanis seem to have existed, such as
Vaikkathupadam near Chelari, Pappanur near padikkal and in the route from